1. Despite the extensive literature on the ecology, systematics and culture of oysters worldwide, an assessment
of their diversity, distribution and conservation status for the Atlantic and Caribbean coasts (i.e. depth 550 m)
of South America is lacking. Such information is crucial because of the increasing coastal development that
threatens most nearshore habitats throughout the region.
2. The available information on oysters on Atlantic and Caribbean coasts is reviewed with a focus on
identifying regional conservation priorities based on ecological and socio-economic importance, as well as the
magnitude of current or potential threats faced by oyster populations. The current status of a- taxonomy within
the Ostreidae was also examined.
3. Ten species of native Ostreidae (plus three introduced species) inhabit the coastal waters of the Atlantic and
Caribbean coasts of South America.
4. Oyster species were ranked according to their biological/ecological and socio-economic val