ABSTRACT: The importance of restoring filter-feeders, such as the Eastern oyster Crassostrea
virginica, to mitigate the effects of eutrophication (e.g. in Chesapeake Bay) is currently under debate.
The argument that bivalve molluscs alone cannot control phytoplankton blooms and reduce hypoxia
oversimplifies a more complex issue, namely that ecosystem engineering species make manifold
contributions to ecosystem services. Although further discussion and research leading to a more
complete understanding is required, oysters and other molluscs (e.g. mussels) in estuarine ecosystems
provide services far beyond the mere top-down control of phytoplankton blooms, such as
(1) seston filtration, (2) benthicâpelagic coupling, (3) creation of refugia from predation, (4) creation
of feeding habitat for juveniles and adults of mobile species, and for sessile stages of species that
attach to molluscan shells, and (5) provision of nesting habitat.