We examined a complete list of South
American mussels (Mytilidae) to identify species
with current or potential needs for management and
conservation actions. Based on ecological/ecosystem
(aggregations, beds or banks affecting ecosystem
functioning) and socio-economic (artisanal fisheries
or aquaculture systems) attributes species with high
relevance were identified. At least 14 species exhibited
large ecosystem level effects at local scales.
Further, most of them also sustain important fisheries:
nearly one/third of these fisheries showed characteristics
that may contribute to their lack of
sustainability and overexploitation, while half are
either in the initial exploitation phase or in the
stabilization of extraction and institutionalization
phase. Invading species are modifying the structure
of mussel habitats. Allocation of spatially explicit
management tools, notably Territorial User Rights in
Fisheries and Marine Reserves, together with comanagement
initiativ