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I break the exercise for developing a viability assessment into three breakout group tasks: Developing KEAs Developing Indicators Developing Rating Criteria I usually present, do a breakout exercise, have teams report back/peer review, present pt 2, do breakout 2, have teams report back, etc. This seems to help teams work through the viability assessment without becoming overwhelmed with new concepts. The examples are NOT the same examples as in the Greening Australia PowerPoint from 5/2006. Feel free to switch them. The references to Key Attribute Categories are from the KEA Table.pdf (or found in the slides in this presentation). Any questions, email me gschuler@tnc.orgBPAP PA > H5Approach viability assessment as an iterative process66  Ground Rules*Participate Don t Dominate Tough Love& but  Boss-Free Zone Everyone advocates; project team decides Cell phones off; no side conversations Have Fun!@l Kff3n Why Assess Viability? (What is  viability ?  `Key Ecological Attributes Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and time On a time scale of 50-100+ years Viability Indicators Measurable entities used to assess the status of Key Ecological Attribute(s). Indicator Rating Categories Criteria to enable objective status assessmentsKK0K2NK0K20KfN0   Grassland focal target identified Fire regime = Key Attribute (Landscape Context) Fire frequency = Indicator Dense woody cover suggests not enough fire Current status deemed not viable - assigned  Fair  .1st pass results within Indicator Rating table$/,   +  ,       General Guidance View main purpose as capturing the current state of knowledge Don t worry about information gaps Don t focus on filling out all indicator ratings! Can return during later planning stages to add more detail (if necessary) Prioritize filling gaps for key attributes based on: Level of concern (poor status and/or link to high rank threats), or Link to conservation actions dPPbPP(bCommon Issues & Recommendations( ( " 2 $Key attributes framed in terms of stress Key attributes should be framed in terms of natural characteristics and dynamics - they should be the inverse of stresses, e.g. % native cover not % invasives Relating key attributes to size/condition/landscape context Each key attribute can be assigned to S, C, or LC, but don t get too bogged down in figuring out which one Ratings based on  the best that is left Ratings should be based on  objective standards for long-term persistence not on feasibility or the best that is left Real data versus expert opinion Ultimately the goal is to collect actual data on each indicator and rate it accordingly. However, most projects will use expert opinion and will gradually phase in monitoring over time. $*$3Z0Z<Zk0Z)Zw0Z Z0ZZ(f2<k)w        $ Helpful Hints0    Minimum dynamic area is typically based on two factors: severe historic disturbance regime & home range for nested animal species There s probably an inverse relationship between  Size &  Buffer e.g. a large system occurrence needs a small buffer & vice-versa Be wary of  Connectivity or  Habitat as key ecological attributes without considering  connectivity or  habitat for what& While historical information can provide a useful benchmark, don t get hung up on the system s historical condition (e.g. presettlement) -- instead consider what species & communities we care about today, and what is needed for them to persist Nested targets (ecoregional or locally important) may also provide insights into key attributes$ZA0 Z$Z@ i` *Key Ecological Attributes: What Are They?.+Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and timeZ Attribute Category: Climate Fire Hydrology Water Chemistry Geomorphology, Sediment & Soils Connectivity Energy Flux Biological Composition & Structure Biological Interaction4ZZ   Select one target from your project area (stratify the target into smaller subgroups if you think you need to). Develop one key ecological attribute for each of three different attribute categories "KK vDid you stratify your target? In which attribute categories did you select key ecological attributes? What are the key attributes you selected? Why is each attribute  key for the target? Indicators: What ARE Indicators?.!   Need to be able to say what field information you used, to assess integrity Some key ecological attributes may be too complex to measure easily (directly) Need to identify one or more specific  indicators to use, to assess the status of each key attribute 2 Ecologically relevant (i.e., an accurate and direct assessment of key ecological factor status) Sensitive to change in the key ecological factor, either through degradation or restoration. Sensitive to human-caused stress to the key ecological factor and able to register incremental changes in stress. Anticipatory and long term (i.e., indicate degradation before serious harm has occurred). Measurable (i.e., capable of being defined and measured using a standard procedure with low measurement error). Socially relevant (i.e., of obvious value to and observable by all important stakeholders). Cost-effective (i.e., provides maximum information per unit effort).P[0" PE%0PfLfK fS ff fA fffLf5   Key Ecological Attribute Connectivity between habitat fragments Viability Indicators Fragstats connectivity index Indicator Ratings Poor: < 50% Fair: 51-70% Good: 71-90% Very Good: > 91 %R (` ``? (                      f  X e   OIdentify one indicator for each key ecological attribute from previous exercise0PK C!! $Which key ecological attributes did you select indicators for? What indicators were selected? Do these indicators qualify as a  good indicators? "",Viability Assessment: Thresholds and Ratings.-  ## $$ Key Ecological Attribute Juvenile recruitment Viability Indicators Average capture rates in rotary trap Indicator Ratings Poor: 0 - 0.1 fish caught / hour Fair: 0.11 - 0.25 fish caught / hour Good: 0.26 - 1.0 fish caught / hour Very Good: > 1 fish caught / hour ` %`  f ff% f        f  f           f  f    %%&& hDevelop indicator rating criteria for one indicator (based on your collective expert opinion) using the categories: Very Good Good Fair Poor Qualitative ratings are OK! (e.g. Poor =  Lots of instream barriers ,  not enough fire etc.) At a minimum -- define the difference between fair and good categories.|tKKK&Kd<m'' @Which indicator did you develop rating criteria for? What are ratings for  poor ,  fair ,  good and  very good ? Is the rating criteria based on some range of natural variability for that indicator? Can you (did you) rank  current status and/or  goal status (desired future condition)?!Z ((Viability Recommendations$kAt least one Key Ecological Attribute and one Indicator for each Focal Target (or major stratification) Describe current Indicator Rating in sufficient detail that movement to another rating category is clear Ultimately, go deeper for Targets and Key Ecological Attributes where: Significant investments are being made Serious threats exist with uncertain impactsT  BS  )) Viability  Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (**Homework $What you need to do? Form/re-group as teams (or, make a list who was in the team) Revise conservation targets. Revise viability assessment. List participants who should be involved/invited to next workshopV0ZZ   Your products: Collect CAP plans & Ecoregional Plans for project area Gather plans, reports, papers, etc. which might inform future iterations of this work (or make brief annotated bibliography) Map targets (sketch map is OK) & project area Simple Word document list of conservation targets & any stratification (w/brief justifications  just a couple lines) Completed Viability Assessment: at least 1 key attribute w/1 indicator and rating criteria and ranking for each target/stratification (with brief justifications for each (e.g. SWAG)). Simple Word document list of attributes and indicators for each target (w/brief description for each) 0PyqPqPfqPP yg/+,- . / 0 1 23456789:;<  ` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@(v?" dd@  " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PL    @ ` `0pH @`H @`  (  n  C 8A skyscape banner"  6>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@(|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> @^(    6  `  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0  `  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     Sn  C 8A skyscape banner"  00 "0p    2(H  0޽h ? 33D<___PPT10..07 Custom Design 0 P*(    0Ă P    X*   0     Z* d  c $ ?    0  0  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  6؏ _P   X*   6 _   Z* H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.M0~ ZK0 0 4f(  4 4 <*  `P   4 B    H 4 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.c)k 0 (  x  c $0      6,  ?Project-level planning & measures within The Nature Conservancy2@0( 2"H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.+D=' = @B + ZK0 @ 86(  8 8  < "`      8  <8 "`s?  R 8 C *Aj0233018P/ X 8 0A?WfH 8 0޽h ? f3y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +H ZK0 G?P <(  < <  HP^ "`     < N]?PH@8___PPT9  iTo clearly define targets (esp. ecological systems) Science-based foundation for establishing current status of a target and setting clear desired future condition (goals) linked to target ecology, A framework to identify specific stresses to the ecological integrity of each target and evaluate how these threats disrupt specific ecological attributes, Assist in developing and implementing focused strategies at the right magnitude to meet conservation goals Guide the design of effective monitoring (abatement) and measures of success (viability/integrity), and the identification of critical research needs.j5 F,H   6 @`H < 0޽h ? ___PPT10i.+D=' = @B +n  ZK0 |t` @ (  @ @  6> "`@     @ Nw!?"`0 L,$D 0 HViability for a conservation target means: The target is resistant to change in its structure and composition in the face of external stresses The target is resilient  able to recover  upon experiencing occasional severe stress This results from critical processes and interactions related to biological composition, structure, and function physical environmental conditions and regimes+0 ^1  1 \   3 3 33$ @ H$?z?0 DTNC s definition of viability emphasizes the idea that key ecological attributes must:  & remain intact and functioning within their natural ranges of variation. L0 WFH @ 0޽h ?  z ___PPT10Z .+YD2 ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@,%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@+%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@+[%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@[%(+DZK0 SK H(  HV H S . Acartoon n H 6o "`  0Identify the  Key Ecological Attributes for each conservation target Identify one or more  Indicators for each factor Identify critical conservation  Thresholds and  Conservation Goals for these indicators  Rate target integrity using the indicators to assess target status 26 333 ̙@ H H?  _Viability Assessment: Process&0 $H H 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +O  ZK0 G? L(  L L  6s "``<$ 0  "8hB L 6 pP W#Viability Assessment: Fundamentals$$H L 0޽h ? 33___PPT10p.+EAD' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D> ' =%(D ' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Le%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Le%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(+8+0+L +M. ZK0   T(  TY n  T# #"  T <$ ?  e2(cC @` T <  ?C   H C  @` T <  ?C  H C  @` T <Z ? H C  @` T <LZ ? H C  @` T <[! ?  rCurrent Status2(c C  @`  T <! ?C   m Indicator2 ( c C  @`  T <p! ?C  q Key Attribute2( c C  @`  T <U ? lCategory2 (c C  @`  T <X ? p Focal Target2 ( c C  @``B  T 01 ?`B T 01 ?C ZB T s *1 ?`B T 01 ?`B T 01 ?ZB T s *1 ?C C `B T 01 ?  ZB T s *1 ?ZB T s *1 ?`B T 01 ?ZB T s *1 ?C  T 0DJ Example - 1st Pass`0( 2 (((( T <HD  C<$ 0 D " T TA  fire1  <$@ 0 D* T 0Df"`  ,$D  0  Fair f0` dd0`  0` dd T 00D &  NGrassland Target"0 2 T 0D& ,$ 0 hLandscapeContext"0 2 T 0D ,$ 0 I Fire regime" 0 2  T 0TDP & ,$ 0 LFire frequency"0 2  T TA  fire2P p <$D  0 DH T 0޽h ? 33___PPT10+Dg' = @B D"' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T"%(DW' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T"R%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*TRm%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D' =%(Du' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Tm%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* T%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(++0+TD ++0+TD ++0+TD ++0+TD ++0+TD + ZK0  ++\4(  \jr   \# #"  \ <ddD ?  e2(c C  @` \ <*D ?y  e2(c C  @` \ <3D ?=y  unot enough fire4(c C  @` \ <=D ?i =  e2(c C  @` \ <@>D ?C i  pfire frequency0 c C  @` \ <hGD ?C  n fire regime 0   c C  @`  \ <DkD ?  sLandscape Context0 c C  @`  \ <QD ?  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @`  \ <$D ? m Very Good2 ( c C  @`  \ <D ?y hGood2(c C  @`  \ <D ?=y hFair2(c C  @` \ <g  ?i = hPoor2(c C  @` \ <Xo  ?C i  m Indicator2 ( c C  @` \ <\w  ?C  q Key Attribute2( c C  @` \ <d|  ? lCategory2 (c C  @` \ <|  ? p Focal Target2 ( c C  @`. \ <|  ?i  2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @` \ <  ?C i  DC  @` \ <<  ?C  DC  @` \ <  ? DC  @` \ <L  ? DC  @`NB \ S  i `B \ 01 ?  NB \ S  `B \ 01 ?ZB \ s *1 ?i ZB \ s *1 ?i i `B \ 01 ?i `B \ 01 ? `B  \ 01 ? `B !\ 01 ? `B "\ 01 ?C C fB #\ 68c ?i i fB $\ 68c ?== fB %\ 68c ?yy fB &\ 68c ? `B '\ 01 ? `B (\ 01 ?ZB )\ s *1 ?i  *\ 08 ` J 1st Pass - table`0( 2(( (( +\ B@  8 s    H \ 0޽h ? 33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +& ZK0 %% 5fl*%(  l -l 0l6`  2nd Pass` 0( 2(((( .l ZA  fire3P x 6w" s  fl #""v0E  . 1l < 6 ?i s  e2(c C  @` 2l <6 ? i  p 5-10 years4 ( c C  @` 3l <u6 ?   p > 10 years4 ( c C  @` 4l <6 ?   e2(c C  @` 5l <6 ?   qfire frequency 0 c C  @` 6l <6 ?   m fire regime0   c C  @` 7l <?6 ?%   sLandscape Context0 c C  @` 8l <88 ? %  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @` 9l <P8 ?is  m:(g G  @` :l <T8 ?i  m:(g G  @` ;l <8 ?  }not enough fire<(g G  @` l <ر8 ?  v fire regime 8   g G  @` ?l <8 ?%  {Landscape Context8 g G  @` @l <8 ?%  |grassland - Type X8 g G  @` Al <8 ?is m Very Good2 ( c C  @` Bl <8 ?i hGood2(c C  @` Cl <8 ? hFair2(c C  @` Dl <8 ?  hPoor2(c C  @` El <D. ?   m Indicator2 ( c C  @` Fl <\ . ?  q Key Attribute2( c C  @` Gl <. ?% lCategory2 (c C  @` Hl <. ?% p Focal Target2 ( c C  @`. Il <l. ? s 2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @` Jl < *. ?   DC  @` Kl <2. ?  DC  @` Ll <;. ?% DC  @` Ml <C. ?% DC  @`NB Nl S   `B Ol 01 ? s NB Pl S  `B Ql 01 ?ssZB Rl s *1 ? sZB Sl s *1 ?  `B Tl 01 ? `B Ul 01 ? `B Vl 01 ?%% `B Wl 01 ? `B Xl 01 ?   fB Yl 68c ?   fB Zl 68c ? fB [l 68c ? fB \l 68c ?ii `B ]l 01 ?ss `B ^l 01 ?s`B _l 01 ? s ZB `l s *1 ? s el 0ܓ.   SPhone call to local grassland expert indicates natural fire frequency of 5-10 yearsTTH l 0޽h ? 33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +5  .{.?@\.(  \r \ S s?  s*z P  \# #"&vK0P   \ <ໝ ? P  h>75%2(c C  @` \ <4R ?y P  l51-75%4(c C  @` \ <A ?= yP  l25-50%4(c C  @` \ <\A ?i  =P  h<25%2(c C  @`  \ <(3 ?  i P  $% grassland with 5-10 yr fire return0% $c C  @`  \ < 3 ? P  m fire regime0   c C  @`  \ <3 ? P  sLandscape Context0 c C  @`  \ <3 ? P  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @`  \ <3 ?   m:(g G  @` \ <h(3 ?y   x 5-10 years< ( g G  @` \ <$23 ?= y  x > 10 years< ( g G  @` \ <H<3 ?i =  m:(g G  @` \ <E3 ? i   yfire frequency 8 g G  @` \ <O3 ?   u fire regime8   g G  @` \ <Y3 ?   {Landscape Context8 g G  @` \ <c3 ?   |grassland - Type X8 g G  @` \ <l3 ?  m:(g G  @` \ <v3 ?y  m:(g G  @` \ <3 ?=y  }not enough fire<(g G  @` \ <3 ?i =  m:(g G  @` \ <p3 ? i  xfire frequency8 g G  @` \ <`3 ?  v fire regime 8   g G  @` \ <(3 ?  {Landscape Context8 g G  @` \ <@3 ?  |grassland - Type X8 g G  @` \ <3 ? m Very Good2 ( c C  @` \ <3 ?y hGood2(c C  @` \ <3 ?=y hFair2(c C  @`  \ <@3 ?i = hPoor2(c C  @` !\ <3 ? i  m Indicator2 ( c C  @` "\ <3 ?  q Key Attribute2( c C  @` #\ <3 ? lCategory2 (c C  @` $\ <"f ? p Focal Target2 ( c C  @`. %\ <(.f ?i  2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @` &\ <4f ? i  DC  @` '\ <\ 0q   ,$ 0 % area burned at acceptable frequency deemed important Decision made > 50% area = viable key attribute =  Good pp ?\ 0(q` J 3rd Pass` 0( 2((((L @\ C $A  fire4 H \ 0޽h ? 33D<___PPT10.p̉}+O)+D' = @B Ds' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*>\7%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*>\7p%(+8+0+>\ +O1  ,,>@`,(  `)z P  `# #"&vK`  ` <( ? P  h>75%2(c C  @` ` <H ?y P  l51-75%4(c C  @` ` <\ ?= yP  l25-50%4(c C  @` ` <{f ?i  =P  h<25%2(c C  @`  ` <`bf ?  i P  $% grassland with 5-10 yr fire return0% $c C  @`  ` <ff ? P  m fire regime0   c C  @`  ` <. ? P  sLandscape Context0 c C  @`  ` <,. ? P  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @`  ` <. ?   e2(c C  @` ` <̿. ?y   p 5-10 years4 ( c C  @` ` <l. ?= y  p > 10 years4 ( c C  @` ` <Tm. ?i =  e2(c C  @` ` < 6 ? i   qfire frequency 0 c C  @` ` <X6 ?   m fire regime0   c C  @` ` <6 ?   sLandscape Context0 c C  @` ` <D6 ?   tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @` ` <(M, ?  e2(c C  @` ` <h-C ?y  e2(c C  @` ` <C ?=y  unot enough fire4(c C  @` ` <C ?i =  e2(c C  @` ` <(C ? i  pfire frequency0 c C  @` ` <1C ?  n fire regime 0   c C  @` ` <C ?  sLandscape Context0 c C  @` ` <C ?  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @` ` <@-8 ? m Very Good2 ( c C  @` ` <D08 ?y hGood2(c C  @` ` <;8 ?=y hFair2(c C  @`  ` <88 ?i = hPoor2(c C  @` !` <`  ? i  m Indicator2 ( c C  @` "` <  ?  q Key Attribute2( c C  @` #` <  ? lCategory2 (c C  @` $` <  ? p Focal Target2 ( c C  @`. %` <4  ?i  2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @` &` <0  ? i  DC  @` '` <  ?  DC  @` (` <D  ? DC  @` )` <  ? DC  @`NB *` S  i `B +` 01 ?P P NB ,` S  `B -` 01 ?ZB .` s *1 ?i ZB /` s *1 ?i i `B 0` 01 ?i `B 1` 01 ?P `B 2` 01 ?P `B 3` 01 ?P `B 4` 01 ?  P fB 5` 68c ?i i P fB 6` 68c ?==P fB 7` 68c ?yyP fB 8` 68c ?P `B 9` 01 ?P `B :` 01 ?`B ;` 01 ?  `B <` 01 ?  ZB =` s *1 ?i - >` 0U   P,$ 0 gThe project team could have settled on any one of these 3 alternatives as part of their initial 5S planhh ?` 0<z nFlexible level of detail:0( 2((N @` C &A Image5 H ` 0޽h ? 33___PPT10.\+O)+Do' = @B D*' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*>`h%(+8+0+>` + + ZK0   00(  ~  B1    ~  Bm   `g  # #"kJ`g     <$ ?`g  u> 100,000 acres4(c C  @`  <$D?g  J (C  @`  <?|g  J (C  @`  <L!A? |g  e2(c C  @`   <hU?  g  xaerial extent in acres0 c C  @`    <1A?G g  7Size/extent of characteristic communities / ecosystems 08 7c C  @`   <|5?Gg  hSize2(c C  @`   <CA?g  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @`   <lHA?` m Very Good2 ( c C  @`  <PA? hGood2(c C  @`  <T[A?| hFair2(c C  @`  <dA? | hPoor2(c C  @`  <lnA?   m Indicator2 ( c C  @`  <wA?G  q Key Attribute2( c C  @`  <؁A?G lCategory2 (c C  @`  <ȋA? p Focal Target2 ( c C  @`.  <A? ` 2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @`  <,A?   DC  @`  <A?G  DC  @`  <+B#style.visibility<*/%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*/%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*/b%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*/b%(+8+0+/A +9 ZK0 )(66((  ~  BB   ~  BB ~  BDB**   TA   boat1 S3 B~  B"B   ~  B,B ~  B5B**  r a  # #"P R   <#B ?"`;a~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R   <|@B ?"`F;~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R   <JB ?"` F~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R   <0RB ?"`^  ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R  <RB ?"`X ^ ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R  <cB ?"`X ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R  <0mB ?"`-~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`n  <uB ?"`-~v0___PPT106___PPT9 fCatches from the Sea (c @`  <~B ?;a m Very Good2 ( cC @`  <B ?F; hGood2(cC @`  <B ? F hFair2(cC @`  <,B ?^   hPoor2(cC @`  <ؤB ?X ^  m Indicator2 ( cC @`  <B ?X  q Key Attribute2( cC @`  <PB ?- lCategory2 (cC @`  <B ?- p Focal Target2 ( cC @`.  <B ?^ a 2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @`  <B ?X ^  DC  @`  <B ?X  DC  @`  <B ?- DC  @`  <B ?- DC  @`NB  S  ^ `B   01 ?aNB ! S  `B " 01 ?aaZB # s *1 ?^ aZB $ s *1 ?^ ^ `B % 01 ?^ `B & 01 ?`B ' 01 ?--`B ( 01 ?`B ) 01 ?X X fB * 68c ?^ ^ fB + 68c ?  fB , 68c ?FFfB - 68c ?;;`B . 01 ?aa`B / 01 ?aZB 0 s *1 ?^ au 1 H@ Q? ?"6?@`NNN?N`D<4___PPT9 s/From Viability assessment in Indonesian village(0( " 20  2 04Q  p`,$ 0 Catches from the Sea identified as a focal target for fish caught for local consumption and sale Key attribute & indicator selected Current status considered not viable (Fair)   3 <Qp ,$ 0 ;X0  4 0L$Q@ ,$ 0 IPopulation size0 2 5 0-Q@ P ,$ 0 LFish catch per day0 2 6 0 7Q ` ,$ 0 >Size0 2H  0޽h ? 33)!___PPT10.ju+eXD' = @B Dx' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*2a%(Dd' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*2a%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*6%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*4%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*5%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*2%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*3%(++0+2Q ++0+3Q ++0+4Q ++0+5Q ++0+6Q +4ZK0 %% 12n%(  ~  BPQ   ~  BPYQ ~  BQQ** r P  # #" R  <bQ ?"`NP ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R  < cQ ?"`@NP ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`  <`wQ ?"`@P ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 z1 - 30 strings of fish2(c c  @`c   <ЀQ ?"`% P ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 [ catch = 0 ( c  @`l   <Q ?"` % P ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 dfish catch per day (c @`i   <,Q ?"`y P ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 aPopulation size (c @`^   <ԛQ ?"`}yP ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 VSize (c @`n   <pQ ?"`}P ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 fCatches from the Sea (c @`  <0Q ?N m Very Good2 ( cC @`  <XQ ?@N hGood2(cC @`  <Q ?@ hFair2(cC @`  <xQ ?%  hPoor2(cC @`  <Q ? %  m Indicator2 ( cC @`  <DQ ?y  q Key Attribute2( cC @`  <Q ?}y lCategory2 (cC @`  <Q ?} p Focal Target2 ( cC @`.  <U ?%  2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @`  < U ? %  DC  @`  <U ?y  DC  @`  <U ?}y DC  @`  <$U ?} DC  @`NB  S  % `B  01 ?P P NB  S  `B  01 ?ZB  s *1 ?% ZB   s *1 ?% % `B ! 01 ?% `B " 01 ?P `B # 01 ?}}P `B $ 01 ?yyP `B % 01 ?  P fB & 68c ?% % P fB ' 68c ?P fB ( 68c ?@@P fB ) 68c ?NNP `B * 01 ?P `B + 01 ?ZB , s *1 ?% g . 0=U  ,$ 0 Interviews indicate current harvest < 30 strings of fish Ten years ago, harvest yielded up to 200 strings of fish > 100 considered Very Good 31-100 considered Good / 0GU^! ,$ 0 O> 100 strings of fish0 2 0 0RU@! ,$ 0 P31-100 strings of fish0 2L 1 C $A  boat2 `w 2 H? ?"6?@`NNN?N`F>6___PPT9 s/From Viability assessment in Indonesian village(0( " 20 H  0޽h ? 33xp___PPT10P._೹ + ~D| ' = @B D7 ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*.9%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*.9r%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*/%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*.r%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*.%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0%(++0+.U ++0+/U ++0+0U + ZK0 yq0 (    BhU s?<$ 0 U   B4tU? ?"6?@`NNN?Npz WAccept uncertainty!(0( 2(H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10.I03"+m޿D^' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Q%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Qt%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(Ds' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%j%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*j%(+8+0+U +v*  ZK0 p h P (     @@U0e0e     ? A@  A5% 8c8c     ?A)BCD|E||c " ?@  `    @ABC DEEFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `abN E5%  N E5%  N F   5%    !"?N@ABC DEFFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `ab0   U    64U "` <$  0 U T  C ,Arecyclegg:H  0޽h ? ̙33  ___PPT10n .+wD ' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(Db' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(E5' =1B B`BPB,54*3>B ppt_c='`B@BPB<**D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<**%(D' =-s6Bwipe(left)*<3<**D' =A@BBBB0B%(E5' =1B B`BPB,54*3>B ppt_c='`B@BPB<**D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<**%(D' =-s6Bwipe(left)*<3<**D' =%(Db' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(E5' =1B B`BPB,54*3>B ppt_c='`B@BPB<*D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-s6Bwipe(left)*<3<*D' =A@BBBB0B%(E5' =1B B`BPB,54*3>B ppt_c='`B@BPB<*pD' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*p%(D' =-s6Bwipe(left)*<3<*pD' =%(Db' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(E5' =1B B`BPB,54*3>B ppt_c='`B@BPB<*pD' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*p%(D' =-s6Bwipe(left)*<3<*pD' =A@BBBB0B%(E5' =1B B`BPB,54*3>B ppt_c='`B@BPB<*D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =-s6Bwipe(left)*<3<*D' =%(Db' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(E5' =1B B`BPB,54*3>B ppt_c='`B@BPB<*0D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0%(D' =-s6Bwipe(left)*<3<*0D' =A@BBBB0B%(E5' =1B B`BPB,54*3>B ppt_c='`B@BPB<*0D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0%(D' =-s6Bwipe(left)*<3<*0+8+0+U +3 ZK0 B:`(     64U "` U T  C ,Arecyclegg{P   <U "`@ S  U H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +   ZK0  p(     <pU "`0 0  U    <U "`  U "7  BU0  Key Ecological Attributes (KEA)4 0 fN          pA41 Delaware_Diad_Fish_100303"`5 P  v  N\v?    On a time scale of 50-100+ yearsH!0( H  0޽h ? ___PPT10e.+D=' = @B +>  ZK0 M E  (  2  6!vԔ"`-   0f  H,v\<.\<.̙ - 0  ^Focal Target Viability,  H6v\<.\<.ff v  IHabitat Quality  H v\<.\<.ff ]  Z Population Size and Demographics!!  H@v\<.\<.ff= v  JBiotic Processes  HQv\<.\<.ff Rx KAbiotic Processes  H4[v\<.\<.ffx M WHabitat Area and ConnectivitydB  @ <D ^^jB  @ BD ` U ] ` jB  @ BD ` MU` jB  @ BpD  :: jB  @ B(D  S  Tev1?p,$ 0 OWhat drives a targets composition, structure, and function over time and space?"PO   `rv1? Q P,$D 0 nTools: Scientific Literature Ecological Models Integrity Diagrams Expert Consultations Community Consultations@hh  6xv p  [#Selecting Key Ecological Attributes$$ n  VA޽h ?smgmtforum_2 33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +;ZK0 ::HH:(  8F N      Nܒv\<.\<. C SHydrologic Regime&0 `2  0?p2    ZTv\<.\<.2G z"* (modified from Karr et al. 1986)#0 #   Bv\<.\<.̙=,$ 0 LGroundwater Regime0   Bv\<.\<.̙fp,$2 0 NDisease & Parasitism0 B  BD  y,$ 0B   H!h1D3,$% 0B   BD,$ 0   6xv ̙ x,$ 0 AFeeding0    Bv\<.\<. ̙xf,$3 0 QCompetition & Predation0    6v ̙46 ,$ 0 F Reproduction 0  B B BD ,$1 0B  BDd,$0 0B  BDx,$/ 0B  BD R ,$, 0  B@v\<.\<.̙x d ,$( 0 BSunlight 0    Bv\<.\<.̙ 3',$) 0 POrganic Matter Inputs0 &  Bv\<.\<.̙F _ ,$ 0 x1o & 2o ProductionJ0    B  H;D]  ,$' 0B  H:6Dp,$& 0  Bv\<.\<.̙  ,$$ 0 IRiparian Canopy0   B0w\<.\<.̙ P ,$ 0 F Woody Debris 0  B  BDD E ,$ 0B  BD=a,$ 0B B BDy  ,$ 0B B BD L6 ,$ 0B B BD > ,$ 0  Bw\<.\<.̙A 0,$  0 E Temperature 0    BTw\<.\<.̙*,$  0 ApH, ORP0    B"w\<.\<. ̙N@! ,$ 0 IDissolved Gases0  ! B`,w\<.\<.!̙n,$ 0 MDissolved Minerals0  " Bw\<.\<."̙$  * ,$ 0 KOrganic Compounds0  # B@?w\<.\<.#̙ a ,$ 0 C Turbidity 0  B $ BD,$  0B %B BDT,$  0B &B BDG,$ 0B 'B BDx,$ 0B (B BD^ ,$ 0B ) BD_m y ,$ 0B * BDu  ,$ 0 + BIw\<.\<.+̙J ,$  0 YSalinity, Alkalinity, Hardness 0  B , BD > ,$ 0 - BTw\<.\<.-̙,$4 0 C Mutualism 0  B . BDq,$. 0 / B^w\<.\<./̙ ,$* 0 TNatural Thermal Discharges0  0 Bdhw\<.\<.0̙ F,$# 0 VUp/Down-Gradient Continuity0  1 6qw1̙x },$" 0 Z Water-Wetland-Land Connectivity!0 !B 2 BDtJ,$ 0 3 B{w\<.\<.3̙:  ,$ 0 G Radioactivity0  4 N Bw\<.\<.>̙fr aT ,$ 0 XTarget Structure & Composition0 B ? BDW,$- 0B @ BDu  ,$+ 0 A Bw\<.\<.A̙N /,$ 0 NSoil Moisture Regime0  B B8w\<.\<.B̙ =,$ 0 MSurface Flow Regime0 B CB BDY , y,$ 0 D BHw\<.\<.D̙ Np/,$ 0 SSurface Inundation Regime0 B EB BD@  y,$ 0 F BXw\<.\<.F̙ ',$  0 G Geomorphology0  G Bhw\<.\<.G̙fG,$! 0 NSediment/Soil Regime0  H  `w\<.\<.? ?`0 F Five Principal Factors in Freshwater Conservation Target  Viability *8G0 FH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + ZK0  (  ~  s HA1Basha_kill_EIA"`b  c :A?bkillsamp30L~  TX? Q TNC s freshwater work has some of The Conservancy s most refined examples of this approach. &]0 \   H?` N u#Examples: Key Ecological Attributes6$0  $$H  0޽h ? ___PPT10i.W ?+D=' = @B +L ZK0 KC(    <  `P     H" ?"6@ NNN?Np UAttribute Categories:$0 (H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.mƄi+D=' = @B +E ZK0 D<(    NA ?"6@ NNN?Nt    < 6 ?"6@ NNN?N  Water Chemistry: Water-Borne Nutrient Regime Water pH Regime Water Salinity Regime Dissolved Oxygen Regime Other Dissolved Gases Regime Water Mineralogy Regime>0 1   <h6 ?"6@ NNN?N  sGeomorphology, Sediment & Soils: Soil/Sediment Porosity Texture Soil Moisture Regime Soil Temperature Regime Soil/Sediment Chemistry Regime Soil/Sediment Erosion-Deposition Regime Coarse Organic Matter Regime Shoreline Complexity Bathymetric Complexity Geologic Disturbance Regime >!0 1 !H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.k`-g+D=' = @B +u ZK0 tl(    NA ?"6@ NNN?N!    <TS ?"6@ NNN?N00 p NBiological Composition & Structure: Species Composition/Abundance Keystone Species Keystone Functional Groups/Guilds Characteristic Species Characteristic Ecological Communities & Seral Stages Horizontal Arrangement of Ecological Communities and Seral Stages Vertical Structure of Ecological Communities and Seral Stages Size/Age/Gender Structure of Populations within Ecological Communities and Seral StagesB$0 u1 $uP=9SH  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.k ++D=' = @B +   ZK0 (     <4g "`s   "8hB  6m  7Breakout Group Instructions: Selecting Key Attributes B8  NPw ?"6@ NNN?Nf6 HTask 1&00K   NT ?"6@ NNN?N C  \Time: 30 Minutes000K  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10e.+D=' = @B +   ZK0  4(     < "`   "8hB  6<  7Breakout Group Instructions: Selecting Key Attributes B8  ND ?"6@ NNN?N n ^Very Briefly Report back on:&00Z   N ?"6@ NNN?Ni } _Time: 10 Minutes/Team.0   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10e.+D=' = @B +G  ZK0 og@(     <8Ӛ "`p p      Hښ "`Z<$D 0  3  Nܚ?X`0 ]Indicators are measurable attributes that inform us of the status of a key ecological factor <^08 Z2f:  6 Pp@,$@ 0 n6Why Work With  Indicators ?H  0޽h ? h ` ___PPT10@ +bD$ ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Db' =%(D ' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D&' =4@BBBB%(D' =?B70, 0; .2, .5; .8, .5; 1, 0-g6B fade*<3<*D' =0l9 BBBB*<3<*)?D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+ ZK0 `((     < "` @<$ 0  "  6) `p  XViability Assessment: Indicators should be& .-H  0޽h ? y___PPT10Y+JD' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*a%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*1%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*2%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Z%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*[%(+8+0+ +.ZK0 --@@3-(  )z P  # #"&vKP   <M ? P  h>75%2(c C  @`  < 10 years4 ( c C  @`  <h ?i =  e2(c C  @`  <Խ ? i   qfire frequency 0 c C  @`  <Ǜ ?   m fire regime0   c C  @`  <ћ ?   sLandscape Context0 c C  @`  <Tۛ ?   tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @`  <l ?  e2(c C  @`  <4 ?y  e2(c C  @`  < ?=y  unot enough fire4(c C  @`  <t ?i =  e2(c C  @`  < ? i  pfire frequency0 c C  @`  < ?  n fire regime 0   c C  @`  <8# ?  sLandscape Context0 c C  @`  <- ?  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @`  <6 ? m Very Good2 ( c C  @`  <L@ ?y hGood2(c C  @`  <I ?=y hFair2(c C  @`  <S ?i = hPoor2(c C  @`  <\ ? i  m Indicator2 ( c C  @`   <f ?  q Key Attribute2( c C  @` ! <dp ? lCategory2 (c C  @` " <y ? p Focal Target2 ( c C  @`. # <H ?i  2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @` $ <ԏ ? i  DC  @` % <@ ?  DC  @` & < ? DC  @` ' < ? DC  @`NB ( S  i `B ) 01 ?P P NB * S  `B + 01 ?ZB , s *1 ?i ZB - s *1 ?i i `B . 01 ?i `B / 01 ?P `B 0 01 ?P `B 1 01 ?P `B 2 01 ?  P fB 3 68c ?i i P fB 4 68c ?==P fB 5 68c ?yyP fB 6 68c ?P `B 7 01 ?P `B 8 01 ?`B 9 01 ?  `B : 01 ?  ZB ; s *1 ?i  < 0伜 p [Example80 2$$ = 0`Ȝ0  =1 0 2 > 0М  =2 0 2 ? 0ڜp  =3 0 2N @ C &A Image5H  0޽h ? 33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +S ZK0 bZ(     < "`P` `  "8hB  6h p Example: Low Montane Forest>   H  0޽h ? 33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +   ZK0  (       < "`?s   "8hB   6&  3Breakout Group Instructions: Selecting Indicators B4   N- ?"6@ NNN?N  @ HTask 2&00K    N5 ?"6@ NNN?N  \Time: 30 Minutes000K  v   B+ "` P PF>6___PPT9 LA good indicator is& Ecologically relevant Sensitive to change Sensitive to human-caused stress Anticipatory and long term Measurable Socially relevant Cost-effective*0" P0" P$0P                 H   0޽h ? 33___PPT10e.+D=' = @B +  ZK0 +(     <g "``s)   "8hB  6Tr  3Breakout Group Instructions: Selecting Indicators B4  Nhw ?"6@ NNN?NPc@ YVery Briefly Report Back:$0    Nw ?"6@ NNN?NSi  _Time: 10 Minutes/Team.0   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10e.+D=' = @B + ZK0  (     < "``0 0     |A* dilbert2003111108915Today's ComicW  H  0޽h ? ff3fff33fy___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +F  ZK0 PH $(  $ $  `  A ?? B $ ZDԔ?h|z L  $ p@ ,$D 0 $ TԼ1?` i  fMinimum Integrity Thresholds.0 x $ HԔ?L( x $B HԔ?i ( B $ ZDԔ?P hX F  $ Hȝ?0IP PNote: The line between  good and  fair b)0 ̙  $ <Н "``0 `0 NThresholds and Ratings$V $ 0޽h ?"`/@$$$$$ ff3fff33f~___PPT10^+RQDB' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*$%(+) ZK0 800,(  , ,  6 "``    "8hB , 6d   t*Example: Chinook Salmon at Cosumnes River.+ !H , 0޽h ? 33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +PZK0 P4|(  4 4 0(`  (Example: Ecological Integrity AssessmentF)0     4 c VA2Delaware_Diad_Fish100303"``@  4 c ArDelaware_Diadromous_Fish_Barrier_Indicator-status_100303 PH 4 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  ZK0 {p<(  < <  <LD "`Ws2  "8hB < 6Q 0 7Breakout Group Instructions: Indicator Rating Criteria.8$ < H_ ?"6@ NNN?N"  nTime: 15 minutesB00K    < NXc ?"6@ NNN?N HTask 3&00K H < 0޽h ? 33___PPT10e.+D=' = @B +  ZK0 D(  D D  <$ "`Ws2  "8hB D 6, @ 7Breakout Group Instructions: Indicator Rating Criteria.8 D NT ?"6@ NNN?N 3 [Very Briefly Report Back:&00Z  D N  ?"6@ NNN?N9 s _Time: 10 Minutes/Team.0   H D 0޽h ? 33___PPT10e.+D=' = @B +h  ZK0 ]UL(  L L  <x "``0    L  6ľ "`p <$ 0  "8hB- L N<͟?@ -Remember: Focus on a credible first iterationf.P      H L 0޽h ? 33  ___PPT10s .+[W_D ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Lh%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Lh%(Ds' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L?%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L?l%(+8+0+L +EZK0 TLT(  T T  <x "`P    T  <h "`   ` T c $A ??0  H T 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +*  ZK0 X(  X X  6  "`0 `    X  6 "`0<$ 0  " X  6 "``<$ 0  "H X 0޽h ? 33V'N'___PPT10.'..DR"+D&' = @B DA&' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(D8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*XD' =%(D' =%(D8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*XR%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*XRD' =%(D' =%(D8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*XRp%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*XRpD' =%(D' =%(D8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Xp%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*XpD' =%(D' =%(D8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*XD' =%(D' =%(D8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*XD' =%(D' =%(D8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*XF%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*XFD' =%(D' =%(D8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*XF%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*XFD' =%(D' =%(D8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*XD' =%(D' =%(D8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Xg%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*XgD(' =%(D' =%(D8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Xg%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*XgD8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X %(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*X D' =%(D' =%(D8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X %(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*X +p+0+X ++0+X + 0 vn`(  X  C    n  S  0    So, I m going to proceed with our run through of the basic practices. This is the most recent incarnation and synthesis of what is really a long history of project based or site based conservation planning in the Nature Conservancy, going back to our days of doing reserve designs and site designs and site conservation planning and conservation area planning. mH  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.M{  0 T L p D (  D^ D S    zF  D c $0J @  z Why  Ecological integrity instead of  viability ? The term,  viability came into usage in TNC as an outgrowth of the EO ranking process, which of course originally focused on individual species. For a species,  viability refers to the probability that the species will persist through successful reproduction without excessive mortality. Unfortunately, natural communities and ecological systems are much fuzzier constructs -- they are naturally variable over time and space, capable of transforming into different communities or systems even under natural conditions.  Viability is not the right word for this. Further,  viability is not a description of current status but a prediction about future status, and the purpose of the MOS process for targets in the 5-S framework is to assess current status. The prediction of future status is supposed to be the role of the threats assessment and its own MOS process. The alternative concept of  integrity fits the needs of the 5-S framework better for natural communities and ecological systems, and also works fine for species, too.6ELH D 0޽h ? ̙33  0 P H P(  Pd P c $   < P s *Z @   For the past several years, a group of TNC scientists led by David Braun, Jeffrey Parrish, and Bob Unnasch worked with partner scientists to develop a more rigorous means of assessing the viability of conservation targets. Initially focused on viability of ecological system targets, they came up with an assessment process that applies to any category of conservation target. The new assessment method includes 3 additions to the old approach Key Ecological Attributes o Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Viability Indicators o Measurable entities used to assess the status of key ecological attributes Indicator Rating Categories o Critieria that objectively define an indicator into 1 of 4 categories corresponding to Poor, Fair, Good, and Very Good viability status hMa a  faa  K $a$((,a,  0044 H P 0޽h ? ̙33A 0  XQ(  Xd X c $   D X s *D 0  D ;'This may be all that is known at Time AH X 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.`Bk 0  `(  `d ` c $     ` s *  0   This is simply the information from the previous table captured within the Indicator Rating table format of the Excel workbook tool.H ` 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.`v  0  p(  pd p c $   8  p s *D8 0  8 This is simply the information from the previous table captured within the Indicator Rating table format of the Excel workbook tool.H p 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.`v  0 (  d  c $   A  s *|A 0  A lIt s important to realize that filling out all of the indicator ratings for some key ecological attributes that are confidently in a very good status is probably not a high priority.H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.p͋- 0 @(  d  c $   U  s *U 0  U uThis next series of slides provides some general guidance to avoid getting mired in the viability analysis procedure.H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.D|O&  0 v(  ^  S    v  c $,v @  v lX Key Ecological Attributes are not very different from what we have been calling  viability attributes for conservation targets. The major difference between  key ecological Attributes and  viability attributes stems from the history of use of the latter in the development of  EO Specs . In that process, viability attributes include major categories of threats recognized for the element. In the 5-S framework, threats are addressed separately from the assessment of target status. Since the term  viability attributes has a long history in the EO ranking process, it is best to not use it in a different way in the 5-S framework -- this just leads to confusion. Key Ecological Attributes, just like EO Spec attributes, get categorized as relating to target size, condition, and landscape context. As some of you have discovered, though, these terms are used somewhat differently in the 5-S framework than in the EO Spec process.H  0޽h ? ̙33 0 ,(  d  c $   v  s *v @  v Selecting key attributes requires a careful consideration of what drives a targets composition, structure and function It is a challenging process as we are hampered by an poor understanding of the ecology and life history of many of our conservation targets. However, there are a suite of tools available to help with the key attribute selection process: Integrity Diagrams Expert Consultations Scientific Literature Community Consultations Ecological Models ,fh" H  0޽h ? ̙33 0 =(  d  c $     s * @   'The Excel workbook tool has built-in routines that automatically roll up one to several indicator ratings into a rating for the corresponding key ecological attribute. Key ecological attributes are rolled up into the 3 viability categories of size, condition, and landscape context. These 3 categories are then rolled up into an overall viability rating for the focal target. The last stage of roll-up generates an overall biodiversity health rating for the conservation project by rolling up the ratings for all focal targets. H  0޽h ? ̙33 0 0=(  d  c $     s *Ś @   'The Excel workbook tool has built-in routines that automatically roll up one to several indicator ratings into a rating for the corresponding key ecological attribute. Key ecological attributes are rolled up into the 3 viability categories of size, condition, and landscape context. These 3 categories are then rolled up into an overall viability rating for the focal target. The last stage of roll-up generates an overall biodiversity health rating for the conservation project by rolling up the ratings for all focal targets. H  0޽h ? ̙33  0   P$ (  ^  S      c $ @   In the present 5-S workbooks, you don t get around to listing monitoring information until nearly the end of the process, at which point it is disconnected from the work-ups on viability/integrity, threats, and strategies. One of the oft-mentioned frustrations with the present 5-S process, in fact, is that there is no formal process for documenting the information used to assess viability/integrity -- or identifying information you wish you had, and would like to obtain for the next cycle of assessment. This means that you may not be able to go back to your workbooks a year later and have any reminders of how/why you assessed a target the way you did. Worse, your successors or other site teams won t have a clue either. The solution to all these problems -- no explicit connection between the monitoring and other workbooks, no archiving of information about the data used to assess target status -- turns out to be simple: Decide on and explicitly identify your indicators right up front.BH  0޽h ? ̙33 0 xp(  d  c $   l  s *L> @   Identifying indicators requires thinking about the best ways to measure  something or  things about each factor, that give you the information you need. There are several criteria you can use to help you identify the right indicators.H  0޽h ? ̙33 0 4(  d  c $     s *0 @    H  0޽h ? ̙33  0 =(  d  c $     s *S @   'The Excel workbook tool has built-in routines that automatically roll up one to several indicator ratings into a rating for the corresponding key ecological attribute. Key ecological attributes are rolled up into the 3 viability categories of size, condition, and landscape context. These 3 categories are then rolled up into an overall viability rating for the focal target. The last stage of roll-up generates an overall biodiversity health rating for the conservation project by rolling up the ratings for all focal targets. H  0޽h ? ̙33! 0 =(  d  c $     s * @   'The Excel workbook tool has built-in routines that automatically roll up one to several indicator ratings into a rating for the corresponding key ecological attribute. Key ecological attributes are rolled up into the 3 viability categories of size, condition, and landscape context. These 3 categories are then rolled up into an overall viability rating for the focal target. The last stage of roll-up generates an overall biodiversity health rating for the conservation project by rolling up the ratings for all focal targets. H  0޽h ? ̙33 " 0    h (   ^   S       c $\ @   ^The idea of  minimum integrity thresholds comes from the concept of  natural range of variation : Each key ecological factor for a target will have a natural range of variation: species population sizes; river flows; fires; rainfall; and so forth all have natural ranges of variation. There are natural limits to this variation; that is, the variation has a particular pattern, which can be described in terms of frequency, timing, duration, and limits of variation. This pattern includes both  normal variation and extreme disturbances. Natural communities and ecological systems recover from extreme disturbances -- although this may take a long time. A naturally functioning target can only be driven beyond its natural range of variation and natural recovery (breakdown of resistance and resilience) by disturbances foreign to the system. The most crucial limits to this range of variation and resilience are ones we can call  minimum integrity thresholds -- limits beyond which the target loses its natural ability to recover.c H   0޽h ? ̙33 # 0   (h (  (^ ( S     ( c $ݝ @   ^The idea of  minimum integrity thresholds comes from the concept of  natural range of variation : Each key ecological factor for a target will have a natural range of variation: species population sizes; river flows; fires; rainfall; and so forth all have natural ranges of variation. There are natural limits to this variation; that is, the variation has a particular pattern, which can be described in terms of frequency, timing, duration, and limits of variation. This pattern includes both  normal variation and extreme disturbances. Natural communities and ecological systems recover from extreme disturbances -- although this may take a long time. A naturally functioning target can only be driven beyond its natural range of variation and natural recovery (breakdown of resistance and resilience) by disturbances foreign to the system. The most crucial limits to this range of variation and resilience are ones we can call  minimum integrity thresholds -- limits beyond which the target loses its natural ability to recover.c H ( 0޽h ? ̙33$ 0 @0,(  0d 0 c $    0 s * @   Here s an example for one Key attribute for Chinook Salmon at the Conservancy s Cosumnes River Project in the central valley of California. Juvenile recruitment is a key ecological attribute They selected capture rates using a particular trapping approach as their indicator They categorized the different capture rates into Poor, Fair, Good, and Very Good categories based on what they felt was necessary to achieve acceptable levels of juvenile recruitment \3aT a H 0 0޽h ? ̙33b% 0 "`8(  8^ 8 S     8 c $: @   A good example of this is our Delaware River Basin anadromous fish target& H 8 0޽h ? ̙33& 0 @=(  @d @ c $    @ s *s @   'The Excel workbook tool has built-in routines that automatically roll up one to several indicator ratings into a rating for the corresponding key ecological attribute. Key ecological attributes are rolled up into the 3 viability categories of size, condition, and landscape context. These 3 categories are then rolled up into an overall viability rating for the focal target. The last stage of roll-up generates an overall biodiversity health rating for the conservation project by rolling up the ratings for all focal targets. H @ 0޽h ? ̙33' 0 H=(  Hd H c $    H s *px @   'The Excel workbook tool has built-in routines that automatically roll up one to several indicator ratings into a rating for the corresponding key ecological attribute. Key ecological attributes are rolled up into the 3 viability categories of size, condition, and landscape context. These 3 categories are then rolled up into an overall viability rating for the focal target. The last stage of roll-up generates an overall biodiversity health rating for the conservation project by rolling up the ratings for all focal targets. H H 0޽h ? ̙33( 0 P,(  Pd P c $    P s * @   Assessing focal target viability is an iterative process  it is not realistic to develop comprehensive lists of all key attributes, indicators, and a full set of indicator ratings for all focal targets as part of an initial viability assessment. However, it is important to start with at least one key attribute and indicator for each focal target. The indicator rating should be described in sufficient detail that someone else can determine whether that indicator had shifted to another category. We recommend going deeper for those targets and key attributes where priority actions are being implemented to improve a target s viability status or where there are known threats delivering uncertain impacts to the conservation target. 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xrdR$vOϾU3T+~R$^CwN:x7b$76V_mru.Kb?R$] fcr9!'R$@"`C>?g 0>R$*{ utR$\ j؋+!R$J?N+^lh2'0b$_TSOY@:Wb$;s's$\R$-qczkUɊ|h6R$ p s_h"I\QR$^~1m([)-,vb$R0 H7*!qb$ijoGnb$B8#zPJ)Rb$˕]O]))>P R$mCf< 9:y R$CM񁉨 z=J 2$k;(L%\[  0e0e     A@  A5% 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'pA)BCD|E||s " 0e@        @ABC DEEFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `abN E5%  N E5%  N F   5%    !"?N@ABC DEFFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `ab @Tyz}Yʚ;ʚ;g4KdKdPB 0,`ppp<4dddd|pC 0<4!d!d|pC 0 <4BdBd|hG 0g4SdSdPB 0p@ ppgh___PPT2001D<4X0___PPT10DTimes New Roman(0(B 0 DArialNew Roman(0(B 0 " .8 Rachel Neugarten.6___PPT9 *O  =JRead MeThis is a version of my full viability assessment presentation. I break the exercise for developing a viability assessment into three breakout group tasks: Developing KEAs Developing Indicators Developing Rating Criteria I usually present, do a breakout exercise, have teams report back/peer review, present pt 2, do breakout 2, have teams report back, etc. This seems to help teams work through the viability assessment without becoming overwhelmed with new concepts. The examples are NOT the same examples as in the Greening Australia PowerPoint from 5/2006. Feel free to switch them. The references to Key Attribute Categories are from the KEA Table.pdf (or found in the slides in this presentation). Any questions, email me gschuler@tnc.orgBPAP PA > H5Approach viability assessment as an iterative process66  Ground Rules*Participate Don t Dominate Tough Love& but  Boss-Free Zone Everyone advocates; project team decides Cell phones off; no side conversations Have Fun!@l Kff3n Why Assess Viability? (What is  viability ?  `Key Ecological Attributes Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and time On a time scale of 50-100+ years Viability Indicators Measurable entities used to assess the status of Key Ecological Attribute(s). Indicator Rating Categories Criteria to enable objective status assessmentsKK0K2NK0K20KfN0   Grassland focal target identified Fire regime = Key Attribute (Landscape Context) Fire frequency = Indicator Dense woody cover suggests not enough fire Current status deemed not viable - assigned  Fair  .1st pass results within Indicator Rating table$/,   +  ,       General Guidance View main purpose as capturing the current state of knowledge Don t worry about information gaps Don t focus on filling out all indicator ratings! Can return during later planning stages to add more detail (if necessary) Prioritize filling gaps for key attributes based on: Level of concern (poor status and/or link to high rank threats), or Link to conservation actions dPPbPP(bCommon Issues & Recommendations( ( " 2 $Key attributes framed in terms of stress Key attributes should be framed in terms of natural characteristics and dynamics - they should be the inverse of stresses, e.g. % native cover not % invasives Relating key attributes to size/condition/landscape context Each key attribute can be assigned to S, C, or LC, but don t get too bogged down in figuring out which one Ratings based on  the best that is left Ratings should be based on  objective standards for long-term persistence not on feasibility or the best that is left Real data versus expert opinion Ultimately the goal is to collect actual data on each indicator and rate it accordingly. However, most projects will use expert opinion and will gradually phase in monitoring over time. $*$3Z0Z<Zk0Z)Zw0Z Z0ZZ(f2<k)w        $ Helpful Hints0    Minimum dynamic area is typically based on two factors: severe historic disturbance regime & home range for nested animal species There s probably an inverse relationship between  Size &  Buffer e.g. a large system occurrence needs a small buffer & vice-versa Be wary of  Connectivity or  Habitat as key ecological attributes without considering  connectivity or  habitat for what& While historical information can provide a useful benchmark, don t get hung up on the system s historical condition (e.g. presettlement) -- instead consider what species & communities we care about today, and what is needed for them to persist Nested targets (ecoregional or locally important) may also provide insights into key attributes$ZA0 Z$Z@ i` *Key Ecological Attributes: What Are They?(+( " 2+$Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and timeZ Attribute Category: Climate Fire Hydrology Water Chemistry Geomorphology, Sediment & Soils Connectivity Energy Flux Biological Composition & Structure Biological Interaction4ZZ   Select one target from your project area (stratify the target into smaller subgroups if you think you need to). Develop one key ecological attribute for each of three different attribute categories "KK vDid you stratify your target? In which attribute categories did you select key ecological attributes? What are the key attributes you selected? Why is each attribute  key for the target? Indicators: What ARE Indicators?.!   Need to be able to say what field information you used, to assess integrity Some key ecological attributes may be too complex to measure easily (directly) Need to identify one or more specific  indicators to use, to assess the status of each key attribute 2 Ecologically relevant (i.e., an accurate and direct assessment of key ecological factor status) Sensitive to change in the key ecological factor, either through degradation or restoration. Sensitive to human-caused stress to the key ecological factor and able to register incremental changes in stress. Anticipatory and long term (i.e., indicate degradation before serious harm has occurred). Measurable (i.e., capable of being defined and measured using a standard procedure with low measurement error). Socially relevant (i.e., of obvious value to and observable by all important stakeholders). Cost-effective (i.e., provides maximum information per unit effort).P[0" PE%0PfLfK fS ff fA fffLf5   Key Ecological Attribute Connectivity between habitat fragments Viability Indicators Fragstats connectivity index Indicator Ratings Poor: < 50% Fair: 51-70% Good: 71-90% Very Good: > 91 %R (` ``? (                      f  X e   OIdentify one indicator for each key ecological attribute from previous exercise0PK C!! $Which key ecological attributes did you select indicators for? What indicators were selected? Do these indicators qualify as a  good indicators? "",Viability Assessment: Thresholds and Ratings.-  ## $$ Key Ecological Attribute Juvenile recruitment Viability Indicators Average capture rates in rotary trap Indicator Ratings Poor: 0 - 0.1 fish caught / hour Fair: 0.11 - 0.25 fish caught / hour Good: 0.26 - 1.0 fish caught / hour Very Good: > 1 fish caught / hour ` %`  f ff% f        f  f           f  f    %%&& hDevelop indicator rating criteria for one indicator (based on your collective expert opinion) using the categories: Very Good Good Fair Poor Qualitative ratings are OK! (e.g. Poor =  Lots of instream barriers ,  not enough fire etc.) At a minimum -- define the difference between fair and good categories.|tKKK&Kd<m'' @Which indicator did you develop rating criteria for? What are ratings for  poor ,  fair ,  good and  very good ? Is the rating criteria based on some range of natural variability for that indicator? Can you (did you) rank  current status and/or  goal status (desired future condition)?!Z ((Viability Recommendations$kAt least one Key Ecological Attribute and one Indicator for each Focal Target (or major stratification) Describe current Indicator Rating in sufficient detail that movement to another rating category is clear Ultimately, go deeper for Targets and Key Ecological Attributes where: Significant investments are being made Serious threats exist with uncertain impactsT  BS  )) Viability  Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (**Homework $What you need to do? Form/re-group as teams (or, make a list who was in the team) Revise conservation targets. Revise viability assessment. List participants who should be involved/invited to next workshopV0ZZ   Your products: Collect CAP plans & Ecoregional Plans for project area Gather plans, reports, papers, etc. which might inform future iterations of this work (or make brief annotated bibliography) Map targets (sketch map is OK) & project area Simple Word document list of conservation targets & any stratification (w/brief justifications  just a couple lines) Completed Viability Assessment: at least 1 key attribute w/1 indicator and rating criteria and ranking for each target/stratification (with brief justifications for each (e.g. SWAG)). Simple Word document list of attributes and indicators for each target (w/brief description for each) 0PyqPqPfqPP yg/+,- . / 0 1 23456789:;<    ZK0   p (     FpU0e0e     ? A@  A5% 8c8c     ?A)BCD|E||c " ?@  `    @ABC DEEFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `abN E5%  N E5%  N F   5%    !"?N@ABC DEFFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `ab  U    <U "`  U "7  BU0  Key Ecological Attributes (KEA)4 0 fN          pA41 Delaware_Diad_Fish_100303"`5 P  v  N\v?   ~ On a time scale of 50-100+ yearsB!0( H  0޽h ? ___PPT10e.+D=' = @B +  ZK0   _ (  2  6!vԔ"`-   0f  H,v\<.\<.̙ - 0  ^Focal Target Viability,  H6v\<.\<.ff v  IHabitat Quality  H v\<.\<.ff ]  Z Population Size and Demographics!!  H@v\<.\<.ff= v  JBiotic Processes  HQv\<.\<.ff Rx KAbiotic Processes  H4[v\<.\<.ffx M WHabitat Area and ConnectivitydB  @ <D ^^jB  @ BD ` U ] ` jB  @ BD ` MU` jB  @ BpD  :: jB  @ B(D  S  Tev1?p,$ 0 OWhat drives a targets composition, structure, and function over time and space?"PO   `rv1? Q P,$D 0 nTools: Scientific Literature Ecological Models Integrity Diagrams Expert Consultations Community Consultations@hhi  Hxv? ?"6?@`NNN?N@D<4___PPT9 g#Selecting Key Ecological Attributes($( " 2$$n  VA޽h ?smgmtforum_2 33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +;ZK0  ;;HH:(  8F N      Nܒv\<.\<. C SHydrologic Regime&0 `2  0?p2    ZTv\<.\<.2G z"* (modified from Karr et al. 1986)#0 #   Bv\<.\<.̙=,$ 0 LGroundwater Regime0   Bv\<.\<.̙fp,$2 0 NDisease & Parasitism0 B  BD  y,$ 0B   H!h1D3,$% 0B   BD,$ 0   6xv ̙ x,$ 0 AFeeding0    Bv\<.\<. ̙xf,$3 0 QCompetition & Predation0    6v ̙46 ,$ 0 F Reproduction 0  B B BD ,$1 0B  BDd,$0 0B  BDx,$/ 0B  BD R ,$, 0  B@v\<.\<.̙x d ,$( 0 BSunlight 0    Bv\<.\<.̙ 3',$) 0 POrganic Matter Inputs0 &  Bv\<.\<.̙F _ ,$ 0 x1o & 2o ProductionJ0    B  H;D]  ,$' 0B  H:6DՁp,$& 0  Bv\<.\<.̙  ,$$ 0 IRiparian Canopy0   B0w\<.\<.̙ P ,$ 0 F Woody Debris 0  B  BDD E ,$ 0B  BD=a,$ 0B B BDy  ,$ 0B B BD L6 ,$ 0B B BD > ,$ 0  Bw\<.\<.̙A 0,$  0 E Temperature 0    BTw\<.\<.̙*,$  0 ApH, ORP0    B"w\<.\<. ̙N@! ,$ 0 IDissolved Gases0  ! B`,w\<.\<.!̙n,$ 0 MDissolved Minerals0  " Bw\<.\<."̙$  * ,$ 0 KOrganic Compounds0  # B@?w\<.\<.#̙ a ,$ 0 C Turbidity 0  B $ BD,$  0B %B BDT,$  0B &B BDG,$ 0B 'B BDx,$ 0B (B BD^ ,$ 0B ) BD_m y ,$ 0B * BDu  ,$ 0 + BIw\<.\<.+̙J ,$  0 YSalinity, Alkalinity, Hardness 0  B , BD > ,$ 0 - BTw\<.\<.-̙,$4 0 C Mutualism 0  B . BDq,$. 0 / B^w\<.\<./̙ ,$* 0 TNatural Thermal Discharges0  0 Bdhw\<.\<.0̙ F,$# 0 VUp/Down-Gradient Continuity0  1 6qw1̙x },$" 0 Z Water-Wetland-Land Connectivity!0 !B 2 BDtJ,$ 0 3 B{w\<.\<.3̙:  ,$ 0 G Radioactivity0  4 N Bw\<.\<.>̙fr aT ,$ 0 XTarget Structure & Composition0 B ? 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Slide 20 Slide 21 Slide 22 Slide 23 Slide 24 Slide 25 Slide 26 Slide 27!Indicators: What ARE Indicators? Slide 29 Slide 30 Slide 31 Slide 32 Slide 33-Viability Assessment: Thresholds and Ratings Slide 35 Slide 36 Slide 37 Slide 38 Slide 39Viability Recommendations Viability Homework  Fonts Used Design TemplateEmbedded OLE Servers Slide Titles* *O  =JRead MeThis is a version of my full viability assessment presentation. I break the exercise for developing a viability assessment into three breakout group tasks: Developing KEAs Developing Indicators Developing Rating Criteria I usually present, do a breakout exercise, have teams report back/peer review, present pt 2, do breakout 2, have teams report back, etc. This seems to help teams work through the viability assessment without becoming overwhelmed with new concepts. The examples are NOT the same examples as in the Greening Australia PowerPoint from 5/2006. Feel free to switch them. The references to Key Attribute Categories are from the KEA Table.pdf (or found in the slides in this presentation). Any questions, email me gschuler@tnc.orgBPAP PA > H5Approach viability assessment as an iterative process66  Ground Rules*Participate Don t Dominate Tough Love& but  Boss-Free Zone Everyone advocates; project team decides Cell phones off; no side conversations Have Fun!@l Kff3n Why Assess Viability? (What is  viability ?  `Key Ecological Attributes Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and time On a time scale of 50-100+ years Viability Indicators Measurable entities used to assess the status of Key Ecological Attribute(s). Indicator Rating Categories Criteria to enable objective status assessmentsKK0K2NK0K20KfN0   Grassland focal target identified Fire regime = Key Attribute (Landscape Context) Fire frequency = Indicator Dense woody cover suggests not enough fire Current status deemed not viable - assigned  Fair  .1st pass results within Indicator Rating table$/,   +  ,       General Guidance View main purpose as capturing the current state of knowledge Don t worry about information gaps Don t focus on filling out all indicator ratings! Can return during later planning stages to add more detail (if necessary) Prioritize filling gaps for key attributes based on: Level of concern (poor status and/or link to high rank threats), or Link to conservation actions dPPbPP(bCommon Issues & Recommendations( ( " 2 $Key attributes framed in terms of stress Key attributes should be framed in terms of natural characteristics and dynamics - they should be the inverse of stresses, e.g. % native cover not % invasives Relating key attributes to size/condition/landscape context Each key attribute can be assigned to S, C, or LC, but don t get too bogged down in figuring out which one Ratings based on  the best that is left Ratings should be based on  objective standards for long-term persistence not on feasibility or the best that is left Real data versus expert opinion Ultimately the goal is to collect actual data on each indicator and rate it accordingly. However, most projects will use expert opinion and will gradually phase in monitoring over time. $*$3Z0Z<Zk0Z)Zw0Z Z0ZZ(f2<k)w        $ Helpful Hints0    Minimum dynamic area is typically based on two factors: severe historic disturbance regime & home range for nested animal species There s probably an inverse relationship between  Size &  Buffer e.g. a large system occurrence needs a small buffer & vice-versa Be wary of  Connectivity or  Habitat as key ecological attributes without considering  connectivity or  habitat for what& While historical information can provide a useful benchmark, don t get hung up on the system s historical condition (e.g. presettlement) -- instead consider what species & communities we care about today, and what is needed for them to persist Nested targets (ecoregional or locally important) may also provide insights into key attributes$ZA0 Z$Z@ i` *Key Ecological Attributes: What Are They?(+( " 2+$Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and timeZ Attribute Category: Climate Fire Hydrology Water Chemistry Geomorphology, Sediment & Soils Connectivity Energy Flux Biological Composition & Structure Biological Interaction2ZZ(   Select one target from your project area (stratify the target into smaller subgroups if you think you need to). Develop one key ecological attribute for each of three different attribute categories "KK vDid you stratify your target? In which attribute categories did you select key ecological attributes? What are the key attributes you selected? Why is each attribute  key for the target? Indicators: What ARE Indicators?(!( " 2!$Need to be able to say what field information you used, to assess integrity Some key ecological attributes may be too complex to measure easily (directly) Need to identify one or more specific  indicators to use, to assess the status of each key attribute 2 Ecologically relevant (i.e., an accurate and direct assessment of key ecological factor status) Sensitive to change in the key ecological factor, either through degradation or restoration. Sensitive to human-caused stress to the key ecological factor and able to register incremental changes in stress. Anticipatory and long term (i.e., indicate degradation before serious harm has occurred). Measurable (i.e., capable of being defined and measured using a standard procedure with low measurement error). Socially relevant (i.e., of obvious value to and observable by all important stakeholders). Cost-effective (i.e., provides maximum information per unit effort).P[0" PE%0PfLfK fS ff fA fffLf5=-   Key Ecological Attribute Connectivity between habitat fragments Viability Indicators Fragstats connectivity index Indicator Ratings Poor: < 50% Fair: 51-70% Good: 71-90% Very Good: > 91 %: (` ``? (                    f  X e   OIdentify one indicator for each key ecological attribute from previous exercise0PK C!! $Which key ecological attributes did you select indicators for? What indicators were selected? Do these indicators qualify as a  good indicators? "",Viability Assessment: Thresholds and Ratings.-  ## $$ Key Ecological Attribute Juvenile recruitment Viability Indicators Average capture rates in rotary trap Indicator Ratings Poor: 0 - 0.1 fish caught / hour Fair: 0.11 - 0.25 fish caught / hour Good: 0.26 - 1.0 fish caught / hour Very Good: > 1 fish caught / hour ` %`  f ff% f        f  f           f  f    %%&& hDevelop indicator rating criteria for one indicator (based on your collective expert opinion) using the categories: Very Good Good Fair Poor Qualit ative ratings are OK! (e.g. Poor =  Lots of instream barriers ,  not enough fire etc.) At a minimum -- define the difference between fair and good categories.|tKKK&Kd<m'' @Which indicator did you develop rating criteria for? What are ratings for  poor ,  fair ,  good and  very good ? Is the rating criteria based on some range of natural variability for that indicator? Can you (did you) rank  current status and/or  goal status (desired future condition)?!Z ((Viability Recommendations$kAt least one Key Ecological Attribute and one Indicator for each Focal Target (or major stratification) Describe current Indicator Rating in sufficient detail that movement to another rating category is clear Ultimately, go deeper for Targets and Key Ecological Attributes where: Significant investments are being made Serious threats exist with uncertain impactsT  BS  )) Viability  Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (**Homework $What you need to do? Form/re-group as teams (or, make a list who was in the team) Revise conservation targets. Revise viability assessment. List participants who should be involved/invited to next workshopV0ZZ   Your products: Collect CAP plans & Ecoregional Plans for project area Gather plans, reports, papers, etc. which might inform future iterations of this work (or make brief annotated bibliography) Map targets (sketch map is OK) & project area Simple Word document list of conservation targets & any stratification (w/brief justifications  just a couple lines) Completed Viability Assessment: at least 1 key attribute w/1 indicator and rating criteria and ranking for each target/stratification (with brief justifications for each (e.g. SWAG)). Simple Word document list of attributes and indicators for each target (w/brief description for each) 0PyqPqPfqPP yg/+,- . / 0 1 23456789:;<^ZK0 ]U(  ~  s HA1Basha_kill_EIA"`b  c :A?bkillsamp30`~  TX? Q TNC s freshwater work has some of The Conservancy s most refined examples of this approach. &]0 \ ?  N? ?"6?@`NNN?N #Examples: Key Ecological Attributes($0( 2$$H  0޽h ? ___PPT10i.W ?+D=' = @B +l ZK0 kc(    <  `P  +  B"? ?"<?@@`NNN?N@J uAttribute Categories:(0( 2(H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.mƄi+D=' = @B +C ZK0 B:(    TA ?"6@ NNN?N    < 6 ?"6@ NNN?N0  Water Chemistry: Water-Borne Nutrient Regime Water pH Regime Water Salinity Regime Dissolved Oxygen Regime Other Dissolved Gases Regime Water Mineralogy Regime<0 1   <h6 ?"6@ NNN?N  mGeomorphology, Sediment & Soils: Soil/Sediment Porosity Texture Soil Moisture Regime Soil Temperature Regime Soil/Sediment Chemistry Regime Soil/Sediment Erosion-Deposition Regime Coarse Organic Matter Regime Shoreline Complexity Bathymetric Complexity Geologic Disturbance Regime 8!0 1 !H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.k`-g+D=' = @B +w ZK0 vn(    TA ?"6@ NNN?N    <TS ?"6@ NNN?N00 p JBiological Composition & Structure: Species Composition/Abundance Keystone Species Keystone Functional Groups/Guilds Characteristic Species Characteristic Ecological Communities & Seral Stages Horizontal Arrangement of Ecological Communities and Seral Stages Vertical Structure of Ecological Communities and Seral Stages Size/Age/Gender Structure of Populations within Ecological Communities and Seral Stages>$0 u1 $uP=9SH  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.k ++D=' = @B +    ZK0  (     <4g "`s   "8hB}  Hm? ?"6?@`NNN?ND<4___PPT9 {7Breakout Group Instructions: Selecting Key Attributes (8( " 28$  NPw ?"6@ NNN?NR HTask 1&00K(  NT ?"6@ NNN?N C  \Time: 30 Minutes000K  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10e.+D=' = @B +#   ZK0 & (     < "`   "8hB}  H<? ?"6?@`NNN?ND<4___PPT9 {7Breakout Group Instructions: Selecting Key Attributes (8( " 28$  ND ?"6@ NNN?Nh ^Very Briefly Report back on:&00Z(  N ?"6@ NNN?Ni } _Time: 10 Minutes/Team.0   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10e.+D=' = @B +K  ZK0 s k @ (     F8Ӛ0e0e     ? A@  A5% 8c8c     ?A)BCD|E||c " ?@  `    @ABC DEEFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `abN E5%  N E5%  N F   5%    !"?N@ABC DEFFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `ab       Hښ "`Z<$D 0  3  Nܚ?X`0 ]Indicators are measurable attributes that inform us of the status of a key ecological factor <^08 Z2f:  6 Pp@,$@ 0 j6Why Work With  Indicators ?H  0޽h ? h ` ___PPT10@ +bD$ ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Db' =%(D ' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D&' =4@BBBB%(D' =?B70, 0; .2, .5; .8, .5; 1, 0-g6B fade*<3<*D' =0l9 BBBB*<3<*)?D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+ ZK0 .&`(     < "`` <$ 0  "  H)? ?"6?@`NNN?Np D<4___PPT9 XViability Assessment: Indicators should be& (-( " 2-$H  0޽h ? y___PPT10Y+JD' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*a%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*1%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*2%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Z%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*[%(+8+0+ +F,  ++=?dF+(  d)z P  d# #"&vK0   d <4 ? P  h>75%2(c C  @` d << ?y P  l51-75%4(c C  @` d <@ ?= yP  l25-50%4(c C  @` d < J ?i  =P  h<25%2(c C  @`  d < f ?  i P  $% grassland with 5-10 yr fire return0% $c C  @`  d <f ? P  m fire regime0   c C  @`  d <Wj ? P  sLandscape Context0 c C  @`  d <cj ? P  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @`  d <kj ?   e2(c C  @` d <nj ?y   p 5-10 years4 ( c C  @` d <xj ?= y  p > 10 years4 ( c C  @` d <`j ?i =  e2(c C  @` d < j ? i   qfire frequency 0 c C  @` d <j ?   m fire regime0   c C  @` d <j ?   sLandscape Context0 c C  @` d <x j ?   tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @` d <. ?  e2(c C  @` d <w. ?y  e2(c C  @` d <w. ?=y  unot enough fire4(c C  @` d <s. ?i =  e2(c C  @` d <. ? i  pfire frequency0 c C  @` d <x. ?  n fire regime 0   c C  @` d <6 ?  sLandscape Context0 c C  @` d <6 ?  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @` d <x6 ? m Very Good2 ( c C  @` d <T6 ?y hGood2(c C  @` d <6 ?=y hFair2(c C  @`  d <6 ?i = hPoor2(c C  @` !d <6 ? i  m Indicator2 ( c C  @` "d <6 ?  q Key Attribute2( c C  @` #d <:6 ? lCategory2 (c C  @` $d <pa6 ? p Focal Target2 ( c C  @`. %d <k6 ?i  2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @` &d <`, ? i  DC  @` 'd <g, ?  DC  @` (d <$c, ? DC  @` )d <lq, ? 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I break the exercise for developing a viability assessment into three breakout group tasks: Developing KEAs Developing Indicators Developing Rating Criteria I usually present, do a breakout exercise, have teams report back/peer review, present pt 2, do breakout 2, have teams report back, etc. This seems to help teams work through the viability assessment without becoming overwhelmed with new concepts. The examples are NOT the same examples as in the Greening Australia PowerPoint from 5/2006. Feel free to switch them. The references to Key Attribute Categories are from the KEA Table.pdf (or found in the slides in this presentation). Any questions, email me gschuler@tnc.orgBPAP PA > H5Approach viability assessment as an iterative process66  Ground Rules*Participate Don t Dominate Tough Love& but  Boss-Free Zone Everyone advocates; project team decides Cell phones off; no side conversations Have Fun!@l Kff3n Why Assess Viability? (What is  viability ?  `Key Ecological Attributes Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and time On a time scale of 50-100+ years Viability Indicators Measurable entities used to assess the status of Key Ecological Attribute(s). Indicator Rating Categories Criteria to enable objective status assessmentsKK0K2NK0K20KfN0   Grassland focal target identified Fire regime = Key Attribute (Landscape Context) Fire frequency = Indicator Dense woody cover suggests not enough fire Current status deemed not viable - assigned  Fair  .1st pass results within Indicator Rating table$/,   +  ,       General Guidance View main purpose as capturing the current state of knowledge Don t worry about information gaps Don t focus on filling out all indicator ratings! Can return during later planning stages to add more detail (if necessary) Prioritize filling gaps for key attributes based on: Level of concern (poor status and/or link to high rank threats), or Link to conservation actions dPPbPP(bCommon Issues & Recommendations( ( " 2 $Key attributes framed in terms of stress Key attributes should be framed in terms of natural characteristics and dynamics - they should be the inverse of stresses, e.g. % native cover not % invasives Relating key attributes to size/condition/landscape context Each key attribute can be assigned to S, C, or LC, but don t get too bogged down in figuring out which one Ratings based on  the best that is left Ratings should be based on  objective standards for long-term persistence not on feasibility or the best that is left Real data versus expert opinion Ultimately the goal is to collect actual data on each indicator and rate it accordingly. However, most projects will use expert opinion and will gradually phase in monitoring over time. $*$3Z0Z<Zk0Z)Zw0Z Z0ZZ(f2<k)w        $ Helpful Hints0    Minimum dynamic area is typically based on two factors: severe historic disturbance regime & home range for nested animal species There s probably an inverse relationship between  Size &  Buffer e.g. a large system occurrence needs a small buffer & vice-versa Be wary of  Connectivity or  Habitat as key ecological attributes without considering  connectivity or  habitat for what& While historical information can provide a useful benchmark, don t get hung up on the system s historical condition (e.g. presettlement) -- instead consider what species & communities we care about today, and what is needed for them to persist Nested targets (ecoregional or locally important) may also provide insights into key attributes$ZA0 Z$Z@ i` *Key Ecological Attributes: What Are They?(+( " 2+$Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and timeZ Attribute Category: Climate Fire Hydrology Water Chemistry Geomorphology, Sediment & Soils Connectivity Energy Flux Biological Composition & Structure Biological Interaction2ZZ(   Select one target from your project area (stratify the target into smaller subgroups if you think you need to). Develop one key ecological attribute for each of three different attribute categories "KK vDid you stratify your target? In which attribute categories did you select key ecological attributes? What are the key attributes you selected? Why is each attribute  key for the target? Indicators: What ARE Indicators?(!( " 2!$Need to be able to say what field information you used, to assess integrity Some key ecological attributes may be too complex to measure easily (directly) Need to identify one or more specific  indicators to use, to assess the status of each key attribute 2 Ecologically relevant (i.e., an accurate and direct assessment of key ecological factor status) Sensitive to change in the key ecological factor, either through degradation or restoration. Sensitive to human-caused stress to the key ecological factor and able to register incremental changes in stress. Anticipatory and long term (i.e., indicate degradation before serious harm has occurred). Measurable (i.e., capable of being defined and measured using a standard procedure with low measurement error). Socially relevant (i.e., of obvious value to and observable by all important stakeholders). Cost-effective (i.e., provides maximum information per unit effort).P[0" PE%0PfLfK fS ff fA fffLf5=-   Key Ecological Attribute Connectivity between habitat fragments Viability Indicators Fragstats connectivity index Indicator Ratings Poor: < 50% Fair: 51-70% Good: 71-90% Very Good: > 91 %v (` ``? (                               f  X e   OIdentify one indicator for each key ecological attribute from previous exercise8PK C!! $Which key ecological attributes did you select indicators for? What indicators were selected? Do these indicators qualify as a  good indicators? "",Viability Assessment: Thresholds and Ratings(-( " 2-$## $$ Key Ecological Attribute Juvenile recruitment Viability Indicators Average capture rates in rotary trap Indicator Ratings Poor: 0 - 0.1 fish caught / hour Fair: 0.11 - 0.25 fish caught / hour Good: 0.26 - 1.0 fish caught / hour Very Good: > 1 fish caught / hourj ` %`  fff%f        f  f           f  f    %%&& hDevelop indicator rating criteria for one indicator (based on your collective expert opinion) using the categories: Very Good Good Fair Poor Qualitative ratings are OK! (e.g. Poor =  Lots of instream barriers ,  not enough fire etc.) At a minimum -- define the difference between fair and good categories.|tKKK&Kd<m'' @Which indicator did you develop rating criteria for? What are ratings for  poor ,  fair ,  good and  very good ? Is the rating criteria based on some range of natural variability for that indicator? Can you (did you) rank  current status and/or  goal status (desired future condition)?!Z ((Viability Recommendations$kAt least one Key Ecological Attribute and one Indicator for each Focal Target (or major stratification) Describe current Indicator Rating in sufficient detail that movement to another rating category is clear Ultimately, go deeper for Targets and Key Ecological Attributes where: Significant investments are being made Serious threats exist with uncertain impactsT  BS  )) Viability  Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (**Homework $What you need to do? Form/re-group as teams (or, make a list who was in the team) Revise conservation targets. Revise viability assessment. List participants who should be involved/invited to next workshopV0ZZ   Your products: Collect CAP plans & Ecoregional Plans for project area Gather plans, reports, papers, etc. which might inform future iterations of this work (or make brief annotated bibliography) Map targets (sketch map is OK) & project area Simple Word document list of conservation targets & any stratification (w/brief justifications  just a couple lines) Completed Viability Assessment: at least 1 key attribute w/1 indicator and rating criteria and ranking for each target/stratification (with brief justifications for each (e.g. SWAG)). 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I break the exercise for developing a viability assessment into three breakout group tasks: Developing KEAs Developing Indicators Developing Rating Criteria I usually present, do a breakout exercise, have teams report back/peer review, present pt 2, do breakout 2, have teams report back, etc. This seems to help teams work through the viability assessment without becoming overwhelmed with new concepts. The examples are NOT the same examples as in the Greening Australia PowerPoint from 5/2006. Feel free to switch them. The references to Key Attribute Categories are from the KEA Table.pdf (or found in the slides in this presentation). Any questions, email me gschuler@tnc.orgBPAP PA > H5Approach viability assessment as an iterative process66  Ground Rules*Participate Don t Dominate Tough Love& but  Boss-Free Zone Everyone advocates; project team decides Cell phones off; no side conversations Have Fun!@l Kff3n Why Assess Viability? (What is  viability ?  `Key Ecological Attributes Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and time On a time scale of 50-100+ years Viability Indicators Measurable entities used to assess the status of Key Ecological Attribute(s). Indicator Rating Categories Criteria to enable objective status assessmentsKK0K2NK0K20KfN0   Grassland focal target identified Fire regime = Key Attribute (Landscape Context) Fire frequency = Indicator Dense woody cover suggests not enough fire Current status deemed not viable - assigned  Fair  .1st pass results within Indicator Rating table$/,   +  ,       General Guidance View main purpose as capturing the current state of knowledge Don t worry about information gaps Don t focus on filling out all indicator ratings! Can return during later planning stages to add more detail (if necessary) Prioritize filling gaps for key attributes based on: Level of concern (poor status and/or link to high rank threats), or Link to conservation actions dPPbPP(bCommon Issues & Recommendations( ( " 2 $Key attributes framed in terms of stress Key attributes should be framed in terms of natural characteristics and dynamics - they should be the inverse of stresses, e.g. % native cover not % invasives Relating key attributes to size/condition/landscape context Each key attribute can be assigned to S, C, or LC, but don t get too bogged down in figuring out which one Ratings based on  the best that is left Ratings should be based on  objective standards for long-term persistence not on feasibility or the best that is left Real data versus expert opinion Ultimately the goal is to collect actual data on each indicator and rate it accordingly. However, most projects will use expert opinion and will gradually phase in monitoring over time. $*$3Z0Z<Zk0Z)Zw0Z Z0ZZ(f2<k)w        $ Helpful Hints0    Minimum dynamic area is typically based on two factors: severe historic disturbance regime & home range for nested animal species There s probably an inverse relationship between  Size &  Buffer e.g. a large system occurrence needs a small buffer & vice-versa Be wary of  Connectivity or  Habitat as key ecological attributes without considering  connectivity or  habitat for what& While historical information can provide a useful benchmark, don t get hung up on the system s historical condition (e.g. presettlement) -- instead consider what species & communities we care about today, and what is needed for them to persist Nested targets (ecoregional or locally important) may also provide insights into key attributes$ZA0 Z$Z@ i` *Key Ecological Attributes: What Are They?(+( " 2+$Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and timeZ Attribute Category: Climate Fire Hydrology Water Chemistry Geomorphology, Sediment & Soils Connectivity Energy Flux Biological Composition & Structure Biological Interaction2ZZ(   Select one target from your project area (stratify the target into smaller subgroups if you think you need to). Develop one key ecological attribute for each of three different attribute categories "KK vDid you stratify your target? In which attribute categories did you select key ecological attributes? What are the key attributes you selected? Why is each attribute  key for the target? Indicators: What ARE Indicators?(!( " 2!$Need to be able to say what field information you used, to assess integrity Some key ecological attributes may be too complex to measure easily (directly) Need to identify one or more specific  indicators to use, to assess the status of each key attribute 2 Ecologically relevant (i.e., an accurate and direct assessment of key ecological factor status) Sensitive to change in the key ecological factor, either through degradation or restoration. Sensitive to human-caused stress to the key ecological factor and able to register incremental changes in stress. Anticipatory and long term (i.e., indicate degradation before serious harm has occurred). Measurable (i.e., capable of being defined and measured using a standard procedure with low measurement error). Socially relevant (i.e., of obvious value to and observable by all important stakeholders). Cost-effective (i.e., provides maximum information per unit effort).P[0" PE%0PfLfK fS ff fA fffLf5=-   Key Ecological Attribute Connectivity between habitat fragments Viability Indicators Fragstats connectivity index Indicator Ratings Poor: < 50% Fair: 51-70% Good: 71-90% Very Good: > 91 %v (` ``? (                               f  X e   OIdentify one indicator for each key ecological attribute from previous exercise8PK C!! $Which key ecological attributes did you select indicators for? What indicators were selected? Do these indicators qualify as a  good indicators? "",Viability Assessment: Thresholds and Ratings(-( " 2-$## $$ Key Ecological Attribute Juvenile recruitment Viability Indicators Average capture rates in rotary trap Indicator Ratings Poor: 0 - 0.1 fish caught / hour Fair: 0.11 - 0.25 fish caught / hour Good: 0.26 - 1.0 fish caught / hour Very Good: > 1 fish caught / hourj ` %`  fff%f        f  f           f  f    %%&& hDevelop indicator rating criteria for one indicator (based on your collective expert opinion) using the categories: Very Good Good Fair Poor Qualitative ratings are OK! (e.g. Poor =  Lots of instream barriers ,  not enough fire etc.) At a minimum -- define the difference between fair and good categories.|tKKK&Kd<m'' @Which indicator did you develop rating criteria for? What are ratings for  poor ,  fair ,  good and  very good ? Is the rating criteria based on some range of natural variability for that indicator? Can you (did you) rank  current status and/or  goal status (desired future condition)?!Z ((Viability Recommendations$kAt least one Key Ecological Attribute and one Indicator for each Focal Target (or major stratification) Describe current Indicator Rating in sufficient detail that movement to another rating category is clear Ultimately, go deeper for Targets and Key Ecological Attributes where: Significant investments are being made Serious threats exist with uncertain impactsT  BS  )) Viability  Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (**Homework $What you need to do? Form/re-group as teams (or, make a list who was in the team) Revise conservation targets. Revise viability assessment. List participants who should be involved/invited to next workshopV0ZZ   Your products: Collect CAP plans & Ecoregional Plans for project area Gather plans, reports, papers, etc. which might inform future iterations of this work (or make brief annotated bibliography) Map targets (sketch map is OK) & project area Simple Word document list of conservation targets & any stratification (w/brief justifications  just a couple lines) Completed Viability Assessment: at least 1 key attribute w/1 indicator and rating criteria and ranking for each target/stratification (with brief justifications for each (e.g. SWAG)). 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I break the exercise for developing a viability assessment into three breakout group tasks: Developing KEAs Developing Indicators Developing Rating Criteria I usually present, do a breakout exercise, have teams report back/peer review, present pt 2, do breakout 2, have teams report back, etc. This seems to help teams work through the viability assessment without becoming overwhelmed with new concepts. The examples are NOT the same examples as in the Greening Australia PowerPoint from 5/2006. Feel free to switch them. The references to Key Attribute Categories are from the KEA Table.pdf (or found in the slides in this presentation). Any questions, email me gschuler@tnc.orgBPAP PA > H5Approach viability assessment as an iterative process66  Ground Rules*Participate Don t Dominate Tough Love& but  Boss-Free Zone Everyone advocates; project team decides Cell phones off; no side conversations Have Fun!@l Kff3n Why Assess Viability? (What is  viability ?  `Key Ecological Attributes Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and time On a time scale of 50-100+ years Viability Indicators Measurable entities used to assess the status of Key Ecological Attribute(s). Indicator Rating Categories Criteria to enable objective status assessmentsKK0K2NK0K20KfN0   Grassland focal target identified Fire regime = Key Attribute (Landscape Context) Fire frequency = Indicator Dense woody cover suggests not enough fire Current status deemed not viable - assigned  Fair  .1st pass results within Indicator Rating table$/,   +  ,       General Guidance View main purpose as capturing the current state of knowledge Don t worry about information gaps Don t focus on filling out all indicator ratings! Can return during later planning stages to add more detail (if necessary) Prioritize filling gaps for key attributes based on: Level of concern (poor status and/or link to high rank threats), or Link to conservation actions dPPbPP(bCommon Issues & Recommendations( ( " 2 $Key attributes framed in terms of stress Key attributes should be framed in terms of natural characteristics and dynamics - they should be the inverse of stresses, e.g. % native cover not % invasives Relating key attributes to size/condition/landscape context Each key attribute can be assigned to S, C, or LC, but don t get too bogged down in figuring out which one Ratings based on  the best that is left Ratings should be based on  objective standards for long-term persistence not on feasibility or the best that is left Real data versus expert opinion Ultimately the goal is to collect actual data on each indicator and rate it accordingly. However, most projects will use expert opinion and will gradually phase in monitoring over time. $*$3Z0Z<Zk0Z)Zw0Z Z0ZZ(f2<k)w        $ Helpful Hints0    Minimum dynamic area is typically based on two factors: severe historic disturbance regime & home range for nested animal species There s probably an inverse relationship between  Size &  Buffer e.g. a large system occurrence needs a small buffer & vice-versa Be wary of  Connectivity or  Habitat as key ecological attributes without considering  connectivity or  habitat for what& While historical information can provide a useful benchmark, don t get hung up on the system s historical condition (e.g. presettlement) -- instead consider what species & communities we care about today, and what is needed for them to persist Nested targets (ecoregional or locally important) may also provide insights into key attributes$ZA0 Z$Z@ i` *Key Ecological Attributes: What Are They?(+( " 2+$Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and timeZ Attribute Category: Climate Fire Hydrology Water Chemistry Geomorphology, Sediment & Soils Connectivity Energy Flux Biological Composition & Structure Biological Interaction2ZZ(   Select one target from your project area (stratify the target into smaller subgroups if you think you need to). Develop one key ecological attribute for each of three different attribute categories "KK vDid you stratify your target? In which attribute categories did you select key ecological attributes? What are the key attributes you selected? Why is each attribute  key for the target? Indicators: What ARE Indicators?(!( " 2!$Need to be able to say what field information you used, to assess integrity Some key ecological attributes may be too complex to measure easily (directly) Need to identify one or more specific  indicators to use, to assess the status of each key attribute 2 Ecologically relevant (i.e., an accurate and direct assessment of key ecological factor status) Sensitive to change in the key ecological factor, either through degradation or restoration. Sensitive to human-caused stress to the key ecological factor and able to register incremental changes in stress. Anticipatory and long term (i.e., indicate degradation before serious harm has occurred). Measurable (i.e., capable of being defined and measured using a standard procedure with low measurement error). Socially relevant (i.e., of obvious value to and observable by all important stakeholders). Cost-effective (i.e., provides maximum information per unit effort).P[0" PE%0PfLfK fS ff fA fffLf5=-   Key Ecological Attribute Connectivity between habitat fragments Viability Indicators Fragstats connectivity index Indicator Ratings Poor: < 50% Fair: 51-70% Good: 71-90% Very Good: > 91 %v (` ``? (                               f  X e   OIdentify one indicator for each key ecological attribute from previous exercise8PK C!! $Which key ecological attributes did you select indicators for? What indicators were selected? Do these indicators qualify as a  good indicators? "",Viability Assessment: Thresholds and Ratings(-( " 2-$## $$ Key Ecological Attribute Juvenile recruitment Viability Indicators Average capture rates in rotary trap Indicator Ratings Poor: 0 - 0.1 fish caught / hour Fair: 0.11 - 0.25 fish caught / hour Good: 0.26 - 1.0 fish caught / hour Very Good: > 1 fish caught / hourj ` %`  fff%f        f  f           f  f    %%&& hDevelop indicator rating criteria for one indicator (based on your collective expert opinion) using the categories: Very Good Good Fair Poor Qualitative ratings are OK! (e.g. Poor =  Lots of instream barriers ,  not enough fire etc.) At a minimum -- define the difference between fair and good categories.|tKKK&Kd<m'' @Which indicator did you develop rating criteria for? What are ratings for  poor ,  fair ,  good and  very good ? Is the rating criteria based on some range of natural variability for that indicator? Can you (did you) rank  current status and/or  goal status (desired future condition)?!Z ((Viability Recommendations&( " 2kAt least one Key Ecological Attribute and one Indicator for each Focal Target (or major stratification) Describe current Indicator Rating in sufficient detail that movement to another rating category is clear Ultimately, go deeper for Targets and Key Ecological Attributes where: Significant investments are being made Serious threats exist with uncertain impactsT  BS)) Viability  Reduce, Reuse, Recycle(**Homework& ( " 2 What you need to do? Form/re-group as teams (or, make a list who was in the team) Revise conservation targets. Revise viability assessment. List participants who should be involved/invited to next workshopj0ZZ   Your products: Collect CAP plans & Ecoregional Plans for project area Gather plans, reports, papers, etc. which might inform future iterations of this work (or make brief annotated bibliography) Map targets (sketch map is OK) & project area Simple Word document list of conservation targets & any stratification (w/brief justifications  just a couple lines) Completed Viability Assessment: at least 1 key attribute w/1 indicator and rating criteria and ranking for each target/stratification (with brief justifications for each (e.g. SWAG)). 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I break the exercise for developing a viability assessment into three breakout group tasks: Developing KEAs Developing Indicators Developing Rating Criteria I usually present, do a breakout exercise, have teams report back/peer review, present pt 2, do breakout 2, have teams report back, etc. This seems to help teams work through the viability assessment without becoming overwhelmed with new concepts. The examples are NOT the same examples as in the Greening Australia PowerPoint from 5/2006. Feel free to switch them. The references to Key Attribute Categories are from the KEA Table.pdf (or found in the slides in this presentation). Any questions, email me gschuler@tnc.orgBPAP PA > H5Approach viability assessment as an iterative process66  Ground Rules*Participate Don t Dominate Tough Love& but  Boss-Free Zone Everyone advocates; project team decides Cell phones off; no side conversations Have Fun!@l Kff3n Why Assess Viability? (What is  viability ?  `Key Ecological Attributes Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and time On a time scale of 50-100+ years Viability Indicators Measurable entities used to assess the status of Key Ecological Attribute(s). Indicator Rating Categories Criteria to enable objective status assessmentsKK0K2NK0K20KfN0   Grassland focal target identified Fire regime = Key Attribute (Landscape Context) Fire frequency = Indicator Dense woody cover suggests not enough fire Current status deemed not viable - assigned  Fair  .1st pass results within Indicator Rating table$/,   +  ,       General Guidance View main purpose as capturing the current state of knowledge Don t worry about information gaps Don t focus on filling out all indicator ratings! Can return during later planning stages to add more detail (if necessary) Prioritize filling gaps for key attributes based on: Level of concern (poor status and/or link to high rank threats), or Link to conservation actions dPPbPP(bCommon Issues & Recommendations( ( " 2 $Key attributes framed in terms of stress Key attributes should be framed in terms of natural characteristics and dynamics - they should be the inverse of stresses, e.g. % native cover not % invasives Relating key attributes to size/condition/landscape context Each key attribute can be assigned to S, C, or LC, but don t get too bogged down in figuring out which one Ratings based on  the best that is left Ratings should be based on  objective standards for long-term persistence not on feasibility or the best that is left Real data versus expert opinion Ultimately the goal is to collect actual data on each indicator and rate it accordingly. However, most projects will use expert opinion and will gradually phase in monitoring over time. $*$3Z0Z<Zk0Z)Zw0Z Z0ZZ(f2<k)w        $ Helpful Hints0    Minimum dynamic area is typically based on two factors: severe historic disturbance regime & home range for nested animal species There s probably an inverse relationship between  Size &  Buffer e.g. a large system occurrence needs a small buffer & vice-versa Be wary of  Connectivity or  Habitat as key ecological attributes without considering  connectivity or  habitat for what& While historical information can provide a useful benchmark, don t get hung up on the system s historical condition (e.g. presettlement) -- instead consider what species & communities we care about today, and what is needed for them to persist Nested targets (ecoregional or locally important) may also provide insights into key attributes$ZA0 Z$Z@ i` *Key Ecological Attributes: What Are They?(+( " 2+$Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and timeZ Attribute Category: Climate Fire Hydrology Water Chemistry Geomorphology, Sediment & Soils Connectivity Energy Flux Biological Composition & Structure Biological Interaction2ZZ(   Select one target from your project area (stratify the target into smaller subgroups if you think you need to). Develop one key ecological attribute for each of three different attribute categories "KK vDid you stratify your target? In which attribute categories did you select key ecological attributes? What are the key attributes you selected? Why is each attribute  key for the target? Indicators: What ARE Indicators?(!( " 2!$Need to be able to say what field information you used, to assess integrity Some key ecological attributes may be too complex to measure easily (directly) Need to identify one or more specific  indicators to use, to assess the status of each key attribute 2 Ecologically relevant (i.e., an accurate and direct assessment of key ecological factor status) Sensitive to change in the key ecological factor, either through degradation or restoration. Sensitive to human-caused stress to the key ecological factor and able to register incremental changes in stress. Anticipatory and long term (i.e., indicate degradation before serious harm has occurred). Measurable (i.e., capable of being defined and measured using a standard procedure with low measurement error). Socially relevant (i.e., of obvious value to and observable by all important stakeholders). Cost-effective (i.e., provides maximum information per unit effort).P[0" PE%0PfLfK fS ff fA fffLf5=-   Key Ecological Attribute Connectivity between habitat fragments Viability Indicators Fragstats connectivity index Indicator Ratings Poor: < 50% Fair: 51-70% Good: 71-90% Very Good: > 91 %v (` ``? (                               f  X e   OIdentify one indicator for each key ecological attribute from previous exercise8PK C!! $Which key ecological attributes did you select indicators for? What indicators were selected? Do these indicators qualify as a  good indicators? "",Viability Assessment: Thresholds and Ratings(-( " 2-$## $$ Key Ecological Attribute Juvenile recruitment Viability Indicators Average capture rates in rotary trap Indicator Ratings Poor: 0 - 0.1 fish caught / hour Fair: 0.11 - 0.25 fish caught / hour Good: 0.26 - 1.0 fish caught / hour Very Good: > 1 fish caught / hourj ` %`  fff%f        f  f           f  f    %%&& hDevelop indicator rating criteria for one indicator (based on your collective expert opinion) using the categories: Very Good Good Fair Poor Qualitative ratings are OK! (e.g. Poor =  Lots of instream barriers ,  not enough fire etc.) At a minimum -- define the difference between fair and good categories.|tKKK&Kd<m'' @Which indicator did you develop rating criteria for? What are ratings for  poor ,  fair ,  good and  very good ? Is the rating criteria based on some range of natural variability for that indicator? Can you (did you) rank  current status and/or  goal status (desired future condition)?!Z ((Viability Recommendations&( " 2kAt least one Key Ecological Attribute and one Indicator for each Focal Target (or major stratification) Describe current Indicator Rating in sufficient detail that movement to another rating category is clear Ultimately, go deeper for Targets and Key Ecological Attributes where: Significant investments are being made Serious threats exist with uncertain impactsT  BS)) Viability  Reduce, Reuse, Recycle(**Homework& ( " 2 What you need to do? Form/re-group as teams (or, make a list who was in the team) Revise conservation targets. Revise viability assessment. List participants who should be involved/invited to next workshopj0ZZ   Your products: Collect CAP plans & Ecoregional Plans for project area Gather plans, reports, papers, etc. which might inform future iterations of this work (or make brief annotated bibliography) Map targets (sketch map is OK) & project area Simple Word document list of conservation targets & any stratification (w/brief justifications  just a couple lines) Completed Viability Assessment: at least 1 key attribute w/1 indicator and rating criteria and ranking for each target/stratification (with brief justifications for each (e.g. SWAG)). 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I break the exercise for developing a viability assessment into three breakout group tasks: Developing KEAs Developing Indicators Developing Rating Criteria I usually present, do a breakout exercise, have teams report back/peer review, present pt 2, do breakout 2, have teams report back, etc. This seems to help teams work through the viability assessment without becoming overwhelmed with new concepts. The examples are NOT the same examples as in the Greening Australia PowerPoint from 5/2006. Feel free to switch them. The references to Key Attribute Categories are from the KEA Table.pdf (or found in the slides in this presentation). Any questions, email me gschuler@tnc.orgBPAP PA > H5Approach viability assessment as an iterative process66  Ground Rules*Participate Don t Dominate Tough Love& but  Boss-Free Zone Everyone advocates; project team decides Cell phones off; no side conversations Have Fun!@l Kff3n Why Assess Viability? (What is  viability ?  `Key Ecological Attributes Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and time On a time scale of 50-100+ years Viability Indicators Measurable entities used to assess the status of Key Ecological Attribute(s). Indicator Rating Categories Criteria to enable objective status assessmentsKK0K2NK0K20KfN0   Grassland focal target identified Fire regime = Key Attribute (Landscape Context) Fire frequency = Indicator Dense woody cover suggests not enough fire Current status deemed not viable - assigned  Fair  .1st pass results within Indicator Rating table$/,   +  ,       General Guidance View main purpose as capturing the current state of knowledge Don t worry about information gaps Don t focus on filling out all indicator ratings! Can return during later planning stages to add more detail (if necessary) Prioritize filling gaps for key attributes based on: Level of concern (poor status and/or link to high rank threats), or Link to conservation actions dPPbPP(bCommon Issues & Recommendations( ( " 2 $Key attributes framed in terms of stress Key attributes should be framed in terms of natural characteristics and dynamics - they should be the inverse of stresses, e.g. % native cover not % invasives Relating key attributes to size/condition/landscape context Each key attribute can be assigned to S, C, or LC, but don t get too bogged down in figuring out which one Ratings based on  the best that is left Ratings should be based on  objective standards for long-term persistence not on feasibility or the best that is left Real data versus expert opinion Ultimately the goal is to collect actual data on each indicator and rate it accordingly. However, most projects will use expert opinion and will gradually phase in monitoring over time. $*$3Z0Z<Zk0Z)Zw0Z Z0ZZ(f2<k)w        $ Helpful Hints&( " 2 Minimum dynamic area is typically based on two factors: severe historic disturbance regime & home range for nested animal species There s probably an inverse relationship between  Size &  Buffer e.g. a large system occurrence needs a small buffer & vice-versa Be wary of  Connectivity or  Habitat as key ecological attributes without considering  connectivity or  habitat for what& While historical information can provide a useful benchmark, don t get hung up on the system s historical condition (e.g. presettlement) -- instead consider what species & communities we care about today, and what is needed for them to persist Nested targets (ecoregional or locally important) may also provide insights into key attributes$ZA0 Z$Z@ i` *Key Ecological Attributes: What Are They?(+( " 2+$Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and timeZ Attribute Category: Climate Fire Hydrology Water Chemistry Geomorphology, Sediment & Soils Connectivity Energy Flux Biological Composition & Structure Biological Interaction2ZZ(   Select one target from your project area (stratify the target into smaller subgroups if you think you need to). Develop one key ecological attribute for each of three different attribute categories "KK vDid you stratify your target? In which attribute categories did you select key ecological attributes? What are the key attributes you selected? Why is each attribute  key for the target? Indicators: What ARE Indicators?(!( " 2!$Need to be able to say what field information you used, to assess integrity Some key ecological attributes may be too complex to measure easily (directly) Need to identify one or more specific  indicators to use, to assess the status of each key attribute 2 Ecologically relevant (i.e., an accurate and direct assessment of key ecological factor status) Sensitive to change in the key ecological factor, either through degradation or restoration. Sensitive to human-caused stress to the key ecological factor and able to register incremental changes in stress. Anticipatory and long term (i.e., indicate degradation before serious harm has occurred). Measurable (i.e., capable of being defined and measured using a standard procedure with low measurement error). Socially relevant (i.e., of obvious value to and observable by all important stakeholders). Cost-effective (i.e., provides maximum information per unit effort).P[0" PE%0PfLfK fS ff fA fffLf5=-   Key Ecological Attribute Connectivity between habitat fragments Viability Indicators Fragstats connectivity index Indicator Ratings Poor: < 50% Fair: 51-70% Good: 71-90% Very Good: > 91 %v (` ``? (                               f  X e   OIdentify one indicator for each key ecological attribute from previous exercise8PK C!! $Which key ecological attributes did you select indicators for? What indicators were selected? Do these indicators qualify as a  good indicators? "",Viability Assessment: Thresholds and Ratings(-( " 2-$## $$ Key Ecological Attribute Juvenile recruitment Viability Indicators Average capture rates in rotary trap Indicator Ratings Poor: 0 - 0.1 fish caught / hour Fair: 0.11 - 0.25 fish caught / hour Good: 0.26 - 1.0 fish caught / hour Very Good: > 1 fish caught / hourj ` %`  fff%f        f  f           f  f    %%&& hDevelop indicator rating criteria for one indicator (based on your collective expert opinion) using the categories: Very Good Good Fair Poor Qualitative ratings are OK! (e.g. Poor =  Lots of instream barriers ,  not enough fire etc.) At a minimum -- define the difference between fair and good categories.|tKKK&Kd<m'' @Which indicator did you develop rating criteria for? What are ratings for  poor ,  fair ,  good and  very good ? Is the rating criteria based on some range of natural variability for that indicator? Can you (did you) rank  current status and/or  goal status (desired future condition)?!Z ((Viability Recommendations&( " 2kAt least one Key Ecological Attribute and one Indicator for each Focal Target (or major stratification) Describe current Indicator Rating in sufficient detail that movement to another rating category is clear Ultimately, go deeper for Targets and Key Ecological Attributes where: Significant investments are being made Serious threats exist with uncertain impactsT  BS)) Viability  Reduce, Reuse, Recycle(**Homework& ( " 2 What you need to do? Form/re-group as teams (or, make a list who was in the team) Revise conservation targets. Revise viability assessment. List participants who should be involved/invited to next workshopj0ZZ   Your products: Collect CAP plans & Ecoregional Plans for project area Gather plans, reports, papers, etc. which might inform future iterations of this work (or make brief annotated bibliography) Map targets (sketch map is OK) & project area Simple Word document list of conservation targets & any stratification (w/brief justifications  just a couple lines) Completed Viability Assessment: at least 1 key attribute w/1 indicator and rating criteria and ranking for each target/stratification (with brief justifications for each (e.g. SWAG)). Simple Word document list of attributes and indicators for each target (w/brief description for each) 0PyqPqPfqPP yg/+,- . / 0 1 23456789:;<;  ZK0 J B `(     64U "` U T  C ,Arecyclegg{P   FU0e0e     ? 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I break the exercise for developing a viability assessment into three breakout group tasks: Developing KEAs Developing Indicators Developing Rating Criteria I usually present, do a breakout exercise, have teams report back/peer review, present pt 2, do breakout 2, have teams report back, etc. This seems to help teams work through the viability assessment without becoming overwhelmed with new concepts. The examples are NOT the same examples as in the Greening Australia PowerPoint from 5/2006. Feel free to switch them. The references to Key Attribute Categories are from the KEA Table.pdf (or found in the slides in this presentation). Any questions, email me gschuler@tnc.orgH0P(A0P( 0P(A > H5Approach viability assessment as an iterative process66  Ground Rules*Participate Don t Dominate Tough Love& but  Boss-Free Zone Everyone advocates; project team decides Cell phones off; no side conversations Have Fun!:l Kff3n 33Why Assess Viability? (What is  viability ?  `Key Ecological Attributes Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and time On a time scale of 50-100+ years Viability Indicators Measurable entities used to assess the status of Key Ecological Attribute(s). Indicator Rating Categories Criteria to enable objective status assessmentsKK0K2NK0K20K3N0  Grassland focal target identified Fire regime = Key Attribute (Landscape Context) Fire frequency = Indicator Dense woody cover suggests not enough fire Current status deemed not viable - assigned  Fair  .1st pass results within Indicator Rating table$/,   +  ,       General Guidance View main purpose as capturing the current state of knowledge Don t worry about information gaps Don t focus on filling out all indicator ratings! Can return during later planning stages to add more detail (if necessary) Prioritize filling gaps for key attributes based on: Level of concern (poor status and/or link to high rank threats), or Link to conservation actions ^PPbPP(bCommon Issues & Recommendations( ( " 2 $Key attributes framed in terms of stress Key attributes should be framed in terms of natural characteristics and dynamics - they should be the inverse of stresses, e.g. % native cover not % invasives Relating key attributes to size/condition/landscape context Each key attribute can be assigned to S, C, or LC, but don t get too bogged down in figuring out which one Ratings based on  the best that is left Ratings should be based on  objective standards for long-term persistence not on feasibility or the best that is left Real data versus expert opinion Ultimately the goal is to collect actual data on each indicator and rate it accordingly. However, most projects will use expert opinion and will gradually phase in monitoring over time. ,*$3Z0Z<Zk0Z)Zw0Z Z0ZZ(f2<k)w          $ Helpful Hints&( " 2 Minimum dynamic area is typically based on two factors: severe historic disturbance regime & home range for nested animal species There s probably an inverse relationship between  Size &  Buffer e.g. a large system occurrence needs a small buffer & vice-versa Be wary of  Connectivity or  Habitat as key ecological attributes without considering  connectivity or  habitat for what& While historical information can provide a useful benchmark, don t get hung up on the system s historical condition (e.g. presettlement) -- instead consider what species & communities we care about today, and what is needed for them to persist Nested targets (ecoregional or locally important) may also provide insights into key attributes$ZA0 Z$ZA i` *Key Ecological Attributes: What Are They?&+ " 2+$Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and timeZ Attribute Category: Climate Fire Hydrology Water Chemistry Geomorphology, Sediment & Soils Connectivity Energy Flux Biological Composition & Structure Biological Interaction0ZZ(   Select one target from your project area (stratify the target into smaller subgroups if you think you need to). Develop one key ecological attribute for each of three different attribute categories "KK vDid you stratify your target? In which attribute categories did you select key ecological attributes? What are the key attributes you selected? Why is each attribute  key for the target? Indicators: What ARE Indicators?(!( " 2!$Need to be able to say what field information you used, to assess integrity Some key ecological attributes may be too complex to measure easily (directly) Need to identify one or more specific  indicators to use, to assess the status of each key attribute 2 Ecologically relevant (i.e., an accurate and direct assessment of key ecological factor status) Sensitive to change in the key ecological factor, either through degradation or restoration. Sensitive to human-caused stress to the key ecological factor and able to register incremental changes in stress. Anticipatory and long term (i.e., indicate degradation before serious harm has occurred). Measurable (i.e., capable of being defined and measured using a standard procedure with low measurement error). Socially relevant (i.e., of obvious value to and observable by all important stakeholders). Cost-effective (i.e., provides maximum information per unit effort).*[0" PE%0PfLfK fS ff fA fffLf5=-   Key Ecological Attribute Connectivity between habitat fragments Viability Indicators Fragstats connectivity index Indicator Ratings Poor: < 50% Fair: 51-70% Good: 71-90% Very Good: > 91 %v (` ``? (                               f  X e   OIdentify one indicator for each key ecological attribute from previous exercise8PK C!! $Which key ecological attributes did you select indicators for? What indicators were selected? Do these indicators qualify as a  good indicators? "",Viability Assessment: Thresholds and Ratings&- " 2-$## $$ Key Ecological Attribute Juvenile recruitment Viability Indicators Average capture rates in rotary trap Indicator Ratings Poor: 0 - 0.1 fish caught / hour Fair: 0.11 - 0.25 fish caught / hour Good: 0.26 - 1.0 fish caught / hour Very Good: > 1 fish caught / hourj ` %`  f%        f  f           f  f    %%&& hDevelop indicator rating criteria for one indicator (based on your collective expert opinion) using the categories: Very Good Good Fair Poor Qualitative ratings are OK! (e.g. Poor =  Lots of instream barriers ,  not enough fire etc.) At a minimum -- define the difference between fair and good categories.|tKKK&Kd<m'' @Which indicator did you develop rating criteria for? What are ratings for  poor ,  fair ,  good and  very good ? Is the rating criteria based on some range of natural variability for that indicator? Can you (did you) rank  current status and/or  goal status (desired future condition)?!Z ((Viability Recommendations&( " 2kAt least one Key Ecological Attribute and one Indicator for each Focal Target (or major stratification) Describe current Indicator Rating in sufficient detail that movement to another rating category is clear Ultimately, go deeper for Targets and Key Ecological Attributes where: Significant investments are being made Serious threats exist with uncertain impactsT  BS)) Viability  Reduce, Reuse, Recycle(**Homework& ( " 2 What you need to do? Form/re-group as teams (or, make a list who was in the team) Revise conservation targets. Revise viability assessment. List participants who should be involved/invited to next workshopn0ZZ   Your products: Collect CAP plans & Ecoregional Plans for project area Gather plans, reports, papers, etc. which might inform future iterations of this work (or make brief annotated bibliography) Map targets (sketch map is OK) & project area Simple Word document list of conservation targets & any stratification (w/brief justifications  just a couple lines) Completed Viability Assessment: at least 1 key attribute w/1 indicator and rating criteria and ranking for each target/stratification (with brief justifications for each (e.g. SWAG)). Simple Word document list of attributes and indicators for each target (w/brief description for each) 0PyqPqPfqPP yg/+,- . / 0 1 23456789:;< ZK0 0 4f(  4 4 <   `    4 B P   H 4 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.c)k+D=' = @B + ZK0 @ 86(  8 8  < "`      8  < "`s?  R 8 C *Aj0233018P/ X 8 0A?WfH 8 0޽h ? f3y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +H ZK0 G?P <(  < <  H "`Pz    < N?PH@8___PPT9  iTo clearly define targets (esp. ecological systems) Science-based foundation for establishing current status of a target and setting clear desired future condition (goals) linked to target ecology, A framework to identify specific stresses to the ecological integrity of each target and evaluate how these threats disrupt specific ecological attributes, Assist in developing and implementing focused strategies at the right magnitude to meet conservation goals Guide the design of effective monitoring (abatement) and measures of success (viability/integrity), and the identification of critical research needs.j5 F,H   6 @`H < 0޽h ? ___PPT10i.+D=' = @B +(  ZK0 6.` @(  @ @  6 "`@     @ N;?"`0 L,$D 0 Viability for a conservation target means: The target is resistant to change in its structure and composition in the face of external stresses The target is resilient  able to recover  upon experiencing occasional severe str                          ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V Y Z \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x z { | } ~  ess This results from critical processes and interactions related to biological composition, structure, and function physical environmental conditions and regimes+0 ^1  1 \ !3 3!2 @ H?0 DTNC s definition of viability emphasizes the idea that key ecological attributes must:  & remain intact and functioning within their natural ranges of variation. Z0 W3F33H @ 0޽h ?  z ___PPT10Z .+YD2 ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@,%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@+%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@+[%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@[%(+.ZK0 =5 H(  HV H S . Acartoon X H 6p2o "`  0Identify the  Key Ecological Attributes for each conservation target Identify one or more  Indicators for each factor Identify critical conservation  Thresholds and  Conservation Goals for these indicators  Rate target integrity using the indicators to assess target status 26 33 ̙ff@ H H?  _Viability Assessment: Process&0 $H H 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +Q  ZK0 IA L(  L L  6 "``<$ 0  "8hB L 6d pP Y#Viability Assessment: Fundamentals$$$H L 0޽h ? 33___PPT10p.+EAD' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D> ' =%(D ' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Le%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Le%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(+8+0+L +M. ZK0   T(  TY n  T# #"  T <d ?  e2(cC @` T << ?C   H C  @` T <r ?C  H C  @` T <x ? H C  @` T <z ? H C  @` T <{ ?  rCurrent Status2(c C  @`  T < ?C   m Indicator2 ( c C  @`  T < ?C  q Key Attribute2( c C  @`  T <D ? lCategory2 (c C  @`  T <X ? p Focal Target2 ( c C  @``B  T 01 ?`B T 01 ?C ZB T s *1 ?`B T 01 ?`B T 01 ?ZB T s *1 ?C C `B T 01 ?  ZB T s *1 ?ZB T s *1 ?`B T 01 ?ZB T s *1 ?C  T 0e J Example - 1st Pass`0( 2 (((( T <  C<$ 0  " T TA  fire1  <$@ 0 * T 0f"`  ,$D  0  Fair f0` dd0`  0` dd T 0, &  NGrassland Target"0 2 T 0& ,$ 0 hLandscapeContext"0 2 T 0ؕ ,$ 0 I Fire regime" 0 2  T 0`P & ,$ 0 LFire frequency"0 2  T TA  fire2P p <$D  0 H T 0޽h ? 33___PPT10+Dg' = @B D"' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T"%(DW' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T"R%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*TRm%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D' =%(Du' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Tm%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* T%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(++0+T ++0+T ++0+T ++0+T ++0+T + ZK0  ++\4(  \jr   \# #"  \ < ?  e2(c C  @` \ <  ?y  e2(c C  @` \ < ?=y  unot enough fire4(c C  @` \ < ?i =  e2(c C  @` \ <h ?C i  pfire frequency0 c C  @` \ < ?C  n fire regime 0   c C  @`  \ <w ?  sLandscape Context0 c C  @`  \ <x ?  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @`  \ <A ? m Very Good2 ( c C  @`  \ < ?y hGood2(c C  @`  \ <# ?=y hFair2(c C  @` \ <0F ?i = hPoor2(c C  @` \ <S ?C i  m Indicator2 ( c C  @` \ < ?C  q Key Attribute2( c C  @` \ <Y ? lCategory2 (c C  @` \ <L ? p Focal Target2 ( c C  @`. \ <8 ?i  2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @` \ < ?C i  DC  @` \ < ?C  DC  @` \ < ? DC  @` \ < ? DC  @`NB \ S  i `B \ 01 ?  NB \ S  `B \ 01 ?ZB \ s *1 ?i ZB \ s *1 ?i i `B \ 01 ?i `B \ 01 ? `B  \ 01 ? `B !\ 01 ? `B "\ 01 ?C C fB #\ 68c ?i i fB $\ 68c ?== fB %\ 68c ?yy fB &\ 68c ? `B '\ 01 ? `B (\ 01 ?ZB )\ s *1 ?i  *\ 0Hn J 1st Pass - table`0( 2(( (( +\ Bs 8 s   H \ 0޽h ? 33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +m& ZK0 |%t% 5fl %(  l -l 0( J 2nd Pass` 0( 2(((( .l ZA  fire3P x w" s  fl #""v0E   1l < ?i s  e2(c C  @` 2l <3 ? i  p 5-10 years4 ( c C  @` 3l < ?   p > 10 years4 ( c C  @` 4l < ?   e2(c C  @` 5l <p ?   qfire frequency 0 c C  @` 6l < ?   m fire regime0   c C  @` 7l < ?%   sLandscape Context0 c C  @` 8l < ? %  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @` 9l < ?is  m:(g G  @` :l < ?i  m:(g G  @` ;l <0  ?  }not enough fire<(g G  @` l <@ ?  v fire regime 8   g G  @` ?l <K ?%  {Landscape Context8 g G  @` @l <T ?%  |grassland - Type X8 g G  @` Al <E ?is m Very Good2 ( c C  @` Bl <X ?i hGood2(c C  @` Cl <0] ? hFair2(c C  @` Dl <  ?  hPoor2(c C  @` El <T  ?   m Indicator2 ( c C  @` Fl << ?  q Key Attribute2( c C  @` Gl <4 ?% lCategory2 (c C  @` Hl <1 ?% p Focal Target2 ( c C  @`. Il <\= ? s 2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @` Jl <F ?   DC  @` Kl <7 ?  DC  @` Ll <[ ?% DC  @` Ml <T] ?% DC  @`NB Nl S   `B Ol 01 ? s NB Pl S  `B Ql 01 ?ssZB Rl s *1 ? sZB Sl s *1 ?  `B Tl 01 ? `B Ul 01 ? `B Vl 01 ?%% `B Wl 01 ? `B Xl 01 ?   fB Yl 68c ?   fB Zl 68c ? fB [l 68c ? fB \l 68c ?ii `B ]l 01 ?ss `B ^l 01 ?s`B _l 01 ? s ZB `l s *1 ? s el 0    gSPhone call to local grassland expert indicates natural fire frequency of 5-10 yearsH l 0޽h ? 33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +5  .w.?@\.(  \r \ S  s?  s*z P  \# #"&vK0P   \ <_ ? P  h>75%2(c C  @` \ < ?y P  l51-75%4(c C  @` \ <8C ?= yP  l25-50%4(c C  @` \ <2 ?i  =P  h<25%2(c C  @`  \ <p2 ?  i P  $% grassland with 5-10 yr fire return0% $c C  @`  \ <T ? P  m fire regime0   c C  @`  \ <P(( ? P  sLandscape Context0 c C  @`  \ <( ? P  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @`  \ <( ?   m:(g G  @` \ <T( ?y   x 5-10 years< ( g G  @` \ <( ?= y  x > 10 years< ( g G  @` \ <( ?i =  m:(g G  @` \ <`( ? i   yfire frequency 8 g G  @` \ <h&  ?   u fire regime8   g G  @` \ <&  ?   {Landscape Context8 g G  @` \ < '  ?   |grassland - Type X8 g G  @` \ <  ?  m:(g G  @` \ <xh  ?y  m:(g G  @` \ <  ?=y  }not enough fire<(g G  @` \ <T   ?i =  m:(g G  @` \ <\  ? i  xfire frequency8 g G  @` \ <4  ?  v fire regime 8   g G  @` \ <  ?  {Landscape Context8 g G  @` \ <  ?  |grassland - Type X8 g G  @` \ <X.  ? m Very Good2 ( c C  @` \ <7  ?y hGood2(c C  @` \ <o  ?=y hFair2(c C  @`  \ <P  ?i = hPoor2(c C  @` !\ <>  ? i  m Indicator2 ( c C  @` "\ <,  ?  q Key Attribute2( c C  @` #\ <  ? lCategory2 (c C  @` $\ <h  ? p Focal Target2 ( c C  @`. %\ <@O  ?i  2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @` &\ <  ? i  DC  @` '\ <@  ?  DC  @` (\ <- ? DC  @` )\ <- ? DC  @`NB *\ S  i `B +\ 01 ?P P NB ,\ S  `B -\ 01 ?ZB .\ s *1 ?i ZB /\ s *1 ?i i `B 0\ 01 ?i `B 1\ 01 ?P `B 2\ 01 ?P `B 3\ 01 ?P `B 4\ 01 ?  P fB 5\ 68c ?i i P fB 6\ 68c ?==P fB 7\ 68c ?yyP fB 8\ 68c ?P `B 9\ 01 ?P `B :\ 01 ?`B ;\ 01 ?  `B <\ 01 ?  ZB =\ s *1 ?i  >\ 0p-   ,$ 0 % area burned at acceptable frequency deemed important Decision made > 50% area = viable key attribute =  Good pp ?\ 0-PJ 3rd Pass` 0( 2((((L @\ C $A  fire4 H \ 0޽h ? 33D<___PPT10.p̉}+O)+D' = @B Ds' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*>\7%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*>\7p%(+8+0+>\ +11  ,,>@`n,(  `)z P  `# #"&vK`  ` <d( ? P  h>75%2(c C  @` ` <d( ?y P  l51-75%4(c C  @` ` <  ?= yP  l25-50%4(c C  @` ` <@  ?i  =P  h<25%2(c C  @`  ` <0  ?  i P  $% grassland with 5-10 yr fire return0% $c C  @`  ` <D  ? P  m fire regime0   c C  @`  ` <0- ? P  sLandscape Context0 c C  @`  ` <8- ? P  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @`  ` <- ?   e2(c C  @` ` <h- ?y   p 5-10 years4 ( c C  @` ` <4Q- ?= y  p > 10 years4 ( c C  @` ` <o- ?i =  e2(c C  @` ` <Y- ? i   qfire frequency 0 c C  @` ` <- ?   m fire regime0   c C  @` ` <- ?   sLandscape Context0 c C  @` ` <- ?   tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @` ` <- ?  e2(c C  @` ` <P- ?y  e2(c C  @` ` <t&  ?=y  unot enough fire4(c C  @` ` <Hx&  ?i =  e2(c C  @` ` <x&  ? i  pfire frequency0 c C  @` ` <y&  ?  n fire regime 0   c C  @` ` <&  ?  sLandscape Context0 c C  @` ` <Lc&  ?  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @` ` <n&  ? m Very Good2 ( c C  @` ` <&  ?y hGood2(c C  @` ` <&  ?=y hFair2(c C  @`  ` <&  ?i = hPoor2(c C  @` !` <P"&  ? i  m Indicator2 ( c C  @` "` <|,&  ?  q Key Attribute2( c C  @` #` <X6&  ? lCategory2 (c C  @` $` <x&&  ? p Focal Target2 ( c C  @`. %` <K&  ?i  2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @` &` <LU&  ? i  DC  @` '` <|F&  ?                         ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { } ~    DC  @` (` <&  ? DC  @` )` <&  ? DC  @`NB *` S  i `B +` 01 ?P P NB ,` S  `B -` 01 ?ZB .` s *1 ?i ZB /` s *1 ?i i `B 0` 01 ?i `B 1` 01 ?P `B 2` 01 ?P `B 3` 01 ?P `B 4` 01 ?  P fB 5` 68c ?i i P fB 6` 68c ?==P fB 7` 68c ?yyP fB 8` 68c ?P `B 9` 01 ?P `B :` 01 ?`B ;` 01 ?  `B <` 01 ?  ZB =` s *1 ?i  >` 0&   P,$ 0 {gThe project team could have settled on any one of these 3 alternatives as part of their initial 5S plan ?` 0& PJ nFlexible level of detail:0( 2((N @` C &A Image5 H ` 0޽h ? 33___PPT10.\+O)+Do' = @B D*' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*>`h%(+8+0+>` + + ZK0   00(  ~  B    ~  Bv-  `g  # #"kJ`g  -  <p-?`g  u> 100,000 acres4(c C  @`  <<& ?g  J (C  @`  <q ?|g  J (C  @`  <\ ? |g  e2(c C  @`   < ?  g  xaerial extent in acres0 c C  @`    <p ?G g  7Size/extent of characteristic communities / ecosystems 08 7c C  @`   < ?Gg  hSize2(c C  @`   < ?g  tgrassland - Type X0 c C  @`   <i ?` m Very Good2 ( c C  @`  <= ? hGood2(c C  @`  <7 ?| hFair2(c C  @`  <[ ? | hPoor2(c C  @`  <J ?   m Indicator2 ( c C  @`  < 5 ?G  q Key Attribute2( c C  @`  <p ?G lCategory2 (c C  @`  <R ? p Focal Target2 ( c C  @`.  <D' ? ` 2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @`  <' ?   DC  @`  <' ?G  DC  @`  <$' ?G DC  @`  < ' ? DC  @`HB  C  ZB  s *1 ?g `g HB  C ZB  s *1 ?``TB  c $1 ? `TB  c $1 ?  ZB   s *1 ? ZB ! s *1 ?g ZB " s *1 ?g ZB # s *1 ?GGg ZB $ s *1 ?  g `B % 08c ?  g `B & 08c ?||g `B ' 08c ?g `B ( 08c ?g ZB ) s *1 ?``g ZB * s *1 ?`TB + c $1 ? `  , Bxh' GyH p  ` eHow important is it to fill out all ratings in this case where Current & Desired status is Very Good?ffdr - <H* `@  . 6l'  0 ( / Nn' (k(kGH "` s,$@ 0 Probably Not Important! Unless grassland area is threatened by large-scale habitat destruction. In this case, determining the Fair rating might guide efforts to determine how much to save.- 0 0v'  J gIncomplete is OK!:0( 2((H  0޽h ?/ ,/ 33  ___PPT10 .ju+NDz ' = @B D5 ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*/%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*/%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*/b%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*/b%(+8+0+/ +9 ZK0 )(66((  ~  B&    ~  B  ~  BL **   TA   boat1 S3  ~  B     ~  Bk  ~  B] **  r a  # #"P R   <5  ?"`;a~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R   <#'  ?"`F;~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R   <['  ?"` F~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R   <@d'  ?"`^  ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R  <,Q'  ?"`X ^ ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R  <8Y'  ?"`X ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R  <|'  ?"`-~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`n  <܍'  ?"`-~v0___PPT106___PPT9 fCatches from the Sea (c @`  <И'  ?;a m Very Good2 ( cC @`  <p'  ?F; hGood2(cC @`  <'  ? F hFair2(cC @`  <|'  ?^   hPoor2(cC @`  <A'  ?X ^  m Indicator2 ( cC @`  < ?X  q Key Attribute2( cC @`  < ?- lCategory2 (cC @`  <8 ?- p Focal Target2 ( cC @`.  <0k ?^ a 2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @`  <# ?X ^  DC  @`  <| ?X  DC  @`  < ?- DC  @`  < ?- DC  @`NB  S  ^ `B   01 ?aNB ! S  `B " 01 ?aaZB # s *1 ?^ aZB $ s *1 ?^ ^ `B % 01 ?^ `B & 01 ?`B ' 01 ?--`B ( 01 ?`B ) 01 ?X X fB * 68c ?^ ^ fB + 68c ?  fB , 68c ?FFfB - 68c ?;;`B . 01 ?aa`B / 01 ?aZB 0 s *1 ?^ as 1 H ? ?"6?@`NNN?ND<4___PPT9 q/From Viability assessment in Indonesian village&0 " 20$ 2 0`y  p`,$ 0 Catches from the Sea identified as a focal target for fish caught for local consumption and sale Key attribute & indicator selected Current status considered not viable (Fair)   3 <0{p ,$ 0 ;X0  4 0p@ ,$ 0 IPopulation size0 2 5 0ؙ@ P ,$ 0 LFish catch per day0 2 6 0 ` ,$ 0 >Size0 2H  0޽h ? 33)!___PPT10.ju+eXD' = @B Dx' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*2a%(Dd' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*2a%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*6%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*4%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*5%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*2%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*3%(++0+2 ++0+3 ++0+4 ++0+5 ++0+6 +4ZK0 %% 13l%(  ~  B'    ~  BD}'  ~  B' ** r P  # #" R  <t ?"`NP ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`R  < ?"`@NP ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 J (c @`  <H ?"`@P ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 z1 - 30 strings of fish2(c c  @`c   <P ?"`% P ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 [ catch = 0 ( c  @`l   <  ?"` % P ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 dfish catch per day (c @`i   <Q ?"`y P ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 aPopulation size (c @`^   <1 ?"`}yP ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 VSize (c @`n   <5 ?"`}P ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 fCatches from the Sea (c @`  << ?N m Very Good2 ( cC @`  <= ?@N hGood2(cC @`  <0W ?@ hFair2(cC @`  <DQ ?%  hPoor2(cC @`  <j ? %  m Indicator2 ( cC @`  <0u ?y  q Key Attribute2( cC @`  <\ ?}y lCategory2 (cC @`  <8 ?} p Focal Target2 ( cC @`.  <Xy ?%  2Indicator Ratings Bold=Current Italics=DesiredV3(c c c C  @`  <۸ ? %  DC  @`  <ո ?y  DC  @`  ≮ ?}y DC  @`  < ?} DC  @`NB  S  % `B  01 ?P P NB  S  `B  01 ?ZB  s *1 ?% ZB   s *1 ?% % `B ! 01 ?% `B " 01 ?P `B # 01 ?}}P `B $ 01 ?yyP `B % 01 ?  P fB & 68c ?% % P fB ' 68c ?P fB ( 68c ?@@P fB ) 68c ?NNP `B * 01 ?P `B + 01 ?ZB , s *1 ?% g . 0ԝ  ,$ 0 Interviews indicate current harvest < 30 strings of fish Ten years ago, harvest yielded up to 200 strings of fish > 100 considered Very Good 31-100 considered Good / 0^! ,$ 0 O> 100 strings of fish0 2 0 0d@! ,$ 0 P31-100 strings of fish0 2L 1 C $A  boat2 `u 3 H8 ? ?"6?@`NNN?NF>6___PPT9 q/From Viability assessment in Indonesian village&0 " 20$H  0޽h ? 33xp___PPT10P._೹ + ~D| ' = @B D7 ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*.9%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*.9r%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*/%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*.r%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*.%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*0%(++0+. ++0+/ ++0+0 + ZK0 yq0 (    B s?<$ 0    BI? ?"6?@`NNN?N J WAccept uncertainty!(0( 2(H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10.I03"+m޿D^' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Q%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Qt%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(Ds' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%j%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*j%(+8+0+ +v*  ZK0 p h P (     @40e0e     ? 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A@  A5% 8c8c     ?A)BCD|E||c " ?@  `    @ABC DEEFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `abN E5%  N E5%  N F   5%    !"?N@ABC DEFFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `ab J   H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +    ZK0   p (     F0e0e     ? A@  A5% 8c8c     ?A)BCD|E||c " ?@  `    @ABC DEEFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `abN E5%  N E5%  N F   5%    !"?N@ABC DEFFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `abp      <F "``   "  6pv2` Key Ecological Attributes (KEA)& 0(   N          pA41 Delaware_Diad_Fish_100303"`5 P    Nx?   ~ On a time scale of 50-100+ yearsB!0( H  0޽h ? ___PPT10e.+D=' = @B +  ZK0   ] (  2  6d_Ԕ"`-   0(_ORachel NeugartenRachel Neugarten    $ "On-screen ShowoNuclear Energy Instituten`*O :Arial GaramondTimesTimes New Roman WingdingsTahomaMonotype SortsCentury GothicSymbol NaturaRoman Courier New Bf  H]\<.\<.̙ - 0  ^Focal Target Viability,  H$0 u1 $uP=9S*  BP) ? ?"<?@@`NNN?NPJ tAttribute Categories(0( 2(H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.k ++D=' = @B +!   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I break the exercise for developing a viability assessment into three breakout group tasks: Developing KEAs Developing Indicators Developing Rating Criteria I usually present, do a breakout exercise, have teams report back/peer review, present pt 2, do breakout 2, have teams report back, etc. This seems to help teams work through the viability assessment without becoming overwhelmed with new concepts. The examples are NOT the same examples as in the Greening Australia PowerPoint from 5/2006. Feel free to switch them. The references to Key Attribute Categories are from the KEA Table.pdf (or found in the slides in this presentation). Any questions, email me gschuler@tnc.orgH0P(A0P( 0P(A > H5Approach viability assessment as an iterative process66  Ground Rules*Participate Don t Dominate Tough Love& but  Boss-Free Zone Everyone advocates; project team decides Cell phones off; no side conversations Have Fun!J$n $3n 33Why Assess Viability? (What is  viability ?  Key Ecological Attributes Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and time On a time scale of 50-100+ years Viability Indicators Measurable entities used to assess the status of Key Ecological Attribute(s). Indicator Rating Categories Criteria to enable objective status assessmentsK<K2KK0K29KK0K21Kn|39   1  Grassland focal target identified Fire regime = Key Attribute (Landscape Context) Fire frequency = Indicator Dense woody cover suggests not enough fire Current status deemed not viable - assigned  Fair  .1st pass results within Indicator Rating table$/,   +  ,       General Guidance View main purpose as capturing the current state of knowledge Don t worry about information gaps Don t focus on filling out all indicator ratings! Can return during later planning stages to add more detail (if necessary) Prioritize filling gaps for key attributes based on: Level of concern (poor status and/or link to high rank threats), or Link to conservation actions ^PPbPP(bCommon Issues & Recommendations( ( " 2 $Key attributes framed in terms of stress Key attributes should be framed in terms of natural characteristics and dynamics - they should be the inverse of stresses, e.g. % native cover not % invasives Relating key attributes to size/condition/landscape context Each key attribute can be assigned to S, C, or LC, but don t get too bogged down in figuring out which one Ratings based on  the best that is left Ratings should be based on  objective standards for long-term persistence not on feasibility or the best that is left Real data versus expert opinion Ultimately the goal is to collect actual data on each indicator and rate it accordingly. However, most projects will use expert opinion and will gradually phase in monitoring over time. ,*$3Z0Z<Zk0Z)Zw0Z Z0ZZ(f2<k)w          $ Helpful Hints&( " 2 Minimum dynamic area is typically based on two factors: severe historic disturbance regime & home range for nested animal species There s probably an inverse relationship between  Size &  Buffer e.g. a large system occurrence needs a small buffer & vice-versa Be wary of  Connectivity or  Habitat as key ecological attributes without considering  connectivity or  habitat for what& While historical information can provide a useful benchmark, don t get hung up on the system s historical condition (e.g. presettlement) -- instead consider what species & communities we care about today, and what is needed for them to persist Nested targets (ecoregional or locally important) may also provide insights into key attributes$ZA0 Z$ZA i` *Key Ecological Attributes: What Are They?&+ " 2+$Critical component of target s life history, physical or biological processes, composition, structure Clearly define target Limit its distribution Determine its natural variation over space and timeZ Attribute Category: Climate Fire Hydrology Water Chemistry Geomorphology, Sediment & Soils Connectivity Energy Flux Biological Composition & Structure Biological Interaction0ZZ(   Select one target from your project area (stratify the target into smaller subgroups if you think you need to). Develop one key ecological attribute for each of three different attribute categories "KK vDid you stratify your target? In which attribute categories did you select key ecological attributes? What are the key attributes you selected? Why is each attribute  key for the target? Indicators: What ARE Indicators?(!( " 2!$Need to be able to say what field information you used, to assess integrity Some key ecological attributes may be too complex to measure easily (directly) Need to identify one or more specific  indicators to use, to assess the status of each key attribute 2 Ecologically relevant (i.e., an accurate and direct assessment of key ecological factor status) Sensitive to change in the key ecological factor, either through degradation or restoration. Sensitive to human-caused stress to the key ecological factor and able to register incremental changes in stress. Anticipatory and long term (i.e., indicate degradation before serious harm has occurred). Measurable (i.e., capable of being defined and measured using a standard procedure with low measurement error). Socially relevant (i.e., of obvious value to and observable by all important stakeholders). Cost-effective (i.e., provides maximum information per unit effort).*[0" PE%0PfLfK fS ff fA fffLf5=-   Key Ecological Attribute Connectivity between habitat fragments Viability Indicators Fragstats connectivity index Indicator Ratings Poor: < 50% Fair: 51-70% Good: 71-90% Very Good: > 91 %v (` ``? (                               f  X e   OIdentify one indicator for each key ecological attribute from previous exercise8PK C!! $Which key ecological attributes did you select indicators for? What indicators were selected? Do these indicators qualify as a  good indicators? "",Viability Assessment: Thresholds and Ratings&- " 2-$## $$ Key Ecological Attribute Juvenile recruitment Viability Indicators Average capture rates in rotary trap Indicator Ratings Poor: 0 - 0.1 fish caught / hour Fair: 0.11 - 0.25 fish caught / hour Good: 0.26 - 1.0 fish caught / hour Very Good: > 1 fish caught / hourj ` %`  f%        f  f           f  f    %%&& hDevelop indicator rating criteria for one indicator (based on your collective expert opinion) using the categories: Very Good Good Fair Poor Qualitative ratings are OK! (e.g. Poor =  Lots of instream barriers ,  not enough fire etc.) At a minimum -- define the difference between fair and good categories.|tKKK&Kd<m'' @Which indicator did you develop rating criteria for? What are ratings for  poor ,  fair ,  good and  very good ? Is the rating criteria based on some range of natural variability for that indicator? Can you (did you) rank  current status and/or  goal status (desired future condition)?!Z ((Viability Recommendations&( " 2kAt least one Key Ecological Attribute and one Indicator for each Focal Target (or major stratification) Describe current Indicator Rating in sufficient detail that movement to another rating category is clear Ultimately, go deeper for Targets and Key Ecological Attributes where: Significant investments are being made Serious threats exist with uncertain impactsT  BS)) Viability  Reduce, Reuse, Recycle(**Homework& ( " 2 What you need to do? Form/re-group as teams (or, make a list who was in the team) Revise conservation targets. Revise viability assessment. List participants who should be involved/invited to next workshopn0ZZ   Your products: Collect CAP plans & Ecoregional Plans for project area Gather plans, reports, papers, etc. which might inform future iterations of this work (or make brief annotated bibliography) Map targets (sketch map is OK) & project area Simple Word document list of conservation targets & any stratification (w/brief justifications  just a couple lines) Completed Viability Assessment: at least 1 key attribute w/1 indicator and rating criteria and ranking for each target/stratification (with brief justifications for each (e.g. SWAG)). Simple Word document list of attributes and indicators for each target (w/brief description for each) 0 Py P Pg P yg/+,- . / 0 1 23456789:;< 0 (  x  c $0      6  ?Project-level planning & measures within The Nature Conservancy2@0( 2"H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.+D=' = @B + ZK0 @ 86(  8 8  < "`      8  <0 "`s?  R 8 C *Aj0233018P/ X 8 0A?WfH 8 0޽h ? f3y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +0  ZK0 >6` @(  @ @  6) "`@     @ N0+?"`0 L,$D 0 Viability for a conservation target means: The target is resistant to change in its structure and composition in the face of external stresses The target is resilient  able to recover  upon experiencing occasional severe stress This results from critical processes and interactions related to biological composition, structure, and function physical environmental conditions and regimes+0 b1  1 \ #3 3#2 @ HO?0 DTNC s definition of viability emphasizes the idea that key ecological attributes must:  & remain intact and functioning within their natural ranges of variation. Z0 W3F33H @ 0޽h ?  z ___PPT10Z .+YD2 ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@,%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@+%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@+]%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@]%(+  ZK0 IA L(  L L  6m "``<$ 0  "8hB L 6 pP Y#Viability Assessment: Fundamentals$$$H L 0޽h ? 33___PPT10.+EADB' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D ' =%(D ' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*LV%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*LV%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(Ds' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L'%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L'`%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L`~%(D' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L~%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(+8+0+L +  ZK0   g (  2  6Ԕ"`-   0f  HX\<.\<.̙ - 0  ^Focal Target Viability,  H|\<.\<.ff v  IHabitat Quality  H\<.\<.ff ]  Z Population Size and Demographics!!  H\<.\<.ff= v  JBiotic Processes  H\<.\<.ff Rx KAbiotic Processes  H\<.\<.ffx M WHabitat Area and ConnectivitydB  @ <D ^^jB  @ BD ` U ] ` jB  @ BD ` MU` jB  @ BpD  :: jB  @ B(D  S  TpC1?0p6,$ 0 OWhat drives a targets composition, structure, and function over time and space?"PO   `E1? ` ,$D 0 xTools: Scientific Literature Ecological Models Integrity Diagrams Expert Consultations Community Consultations@rrg  HH? ?"6?@`NNN?N D<4___PPT9 e#Selecting Key Ecological Attributes&$ " 2$$n  VA޽h ?smgmtforum_2 33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +=ZK0 <<HI,<(  L:8   I   TPQ\<.\<.l  . SHydrologic Regime&0 f2  6A '    `]\<.\<.B z"* (modified from Karr et al. 1986)#0 #   Hp_\<.\<.̙jp ,$ 0 LGroundwater Regime0   Hb\<.\<.̙2d ,$2 0 NDisease & Parasitism0 B  HD =: ,$ 0B   N!h1D^,$% 0B   HDa ,$ 0   <Tg ̙K,$ 0 AFeeding0    Hk\<.\<. ̙00r,$3 0 QCompetition & Predation0    <o ̙ ,$ 0 F Reproduction 0  B B HD@_,$1 0B  HD#_,$0 0B  HDKu,$/ 0B  HD  ,$, 0  Hlt\<.\<.̙K  ,$( 0 BSunlight 0    H(y\<.\<.̙68,$) 0 POrganic Matter Inputs0 ,  H}\<.\<.̙ V ,$ 0 x1o & 2o ProductionJ0    B  N;D K ,$' 0B  N:6DEo,$& 0  H\<.\<.̙Y5  ,$$ 0 IRiparian Canopy0   H\<.\<.̙ 1  ,$ 0 F Woody Debris 0  B  HD ) ,$ 0B  HD x,$ 0B B HD  9,$ 0B B HD?  ,$ 0B B HD R ,$ 0  Hh\<.\<.̙ .,$  0 E Temperature 0    HT\<.\<.̙x,$  0 ApH, ORP0    H$\<.\<. ̙| ,$ 0 IDissolved Gases0  ! Hd\<.\<.!̙) ,$ 0 MDissolved Minerals0  " H\<.\<."̙ Z ,$ 0 KOrganic Compounds0  # HP\<.\<.#̙ zj ,$ 0 C Turbidity 0  B $ HDs_,$  0B %B HD =u,$  0B &B HDm,$ 0B 'B HDH,$ 0B (B HD 4G ,$ 0B ) HD  ,$ 0B * HD= = ,$ 0  + H<\<.\<.+̙,$  0 YSalinity, Alkalinity, Hardness 0  B , HD  ,$ 0 - HH\<.\<.-̙|,$4 0 C Mutualism 0  B . HDB,$. 0 / Hx\<.\<./̙Y ,$* 0 TNatural Thermal Discharges0   0 H\\<.\<.0̙ ,$# 0 VUp/Down-Gradient Continuity0  1 <๴1̙.,$" 0 Z Water-Wetland-Land Connectivity!0 !B 2 HD.n,$ 0 3 H\<.\<.3̙  ,$ 0 G Radioactivity0  4 TDô\<.\<.4_u  QChemical Regime&0  5 T<Ǵ\<.\<.5t % O Energy Regime&0   6 Tt̴\<.\<.6uL  WBiotic Interactions(0  7 T д\<.\<.7f3 % RPhysical Habitat&0  8 HԴ\<.\<.8̙  ]FRESHWATER TARGET INTEGRITY&0 rB 9B BD 5 =5 BxB :B HD   xB ;B HD b _ xB <B HpD  xB =B H(D l l   > Hڴ\<.\<.>̙N  ,$ 0 XTarget Structure & Composition0 B ? HD| G ,$- 0B @ HDE  ,$+ 0 A H ߴ\<.\<.A̙~ ^,$ 0 NSoil Moisture Regime0  B Hh\<.\<.B̙ j8,$ 0 MSurface Flow Regime0 B CB HD  ,$ 0 D H\<.\<.D̙~ ^,$ 0 SSurface Inundation Regime0 B EB HD 5X ,$ 0 F H@\<.\<.F̙ l,$  0 G Geomorphology0  G Hh\<.\<.G̙?U,$! 0 NSediment/Soil Regime0  H H(? ?"6?@`NNN?N`  Five Principal Factors in Freshwater Conservation Target  Viability *(F0( 2FH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +Q ZK0 PH(    TA ?"6@ NNN?N  o  < ?"6@ NNN?N00 0 Biological Composition & Structure: Species Composition/Abundance Keystone Species Keystone Functional Groups/Guilds Characteristic Species Characteristic Ecological Communities & Seral Stages Horizontal Arrangement of Ecological Communities and Seral Stages Vertical Structure of Ecological Communities and Seral Stages Size/Age/Gender Structure of Populations within Ecological Communities and Seral Stages%0 1 0 (1  0 $1  0  1 A0 %PC?\*  B2? ?"<?@@`NNN?NPJ tAttribute Categories(0( 2(H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.k ++D=' = @B +    ZK0  (     < "` s   "8hB}  H ? ?"6?@`NNN?ND<4___PPT9 {7Breakout Group Instructions: Selecting Key Attributes (8( " 28$  N  ?"6@ NNN?NR HTask 1&00K(  Nl ?"6@ NNN?N C  \Time: 30 Minutes000K  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10e.+D=' = @B +K  ZK0 s k @ (     F-0e0e     ? 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"`Z<$D 0  3  N1?X`0 ]Indicators are measurable attributes that inform us of the status of a key ecological factor <^08 Z2f:  66 Pp@,$@ 0 j6Why Work With  Indicators ?H  0޽h ? h ` ___PPT10@ +bD$ ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Db' =%(D ' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D&' =4@BBBB%(D' =?B70, 0; .2, .5; .8, .5; 1, 0-g6B fade*<3<*D' =0l9 BBBB*<3<*)?D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+ ZK0 v(     <K7 "`P` K 7 "8hB  HL7? ?"6?@`NNN?N:D<4___PPT9 Example: Low Montane Forest&( " 2H  0޽h ? 33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +>   ZK0 A9 (       < "`sM 7 "8hBw   H? ?"6?@`NNN?ND<4___PPT9 u3Breakout Group Instructions: Selecting Indicators &4 " 24$   N$ ?"6@ NNN?N \ HTask 2&00K(   N ?"6@ NNN?N  \Time: 30 Minutes000K  2   B1 "`` ` F>6___PPT9 dLA good indicator is& Ecologically relevant Sensitive to change Sensitive to human-caused stress Anticipatory and long term Measurable Socially relevant Cost-effective0" P0" P$0P    H   0޽h ? 33___PPT10e.+D=' = @B +  ZK0 (     <; "`Ps   "8hBw  H-? ?"6?@`NNN?ND<4___PPT9 u3Breakout Group Instructions: Selecting Indicators &4 " 24$  NC ?"6@ NNN?NPHe YVery Briefly Report Back:$0 (  NDH ?"6@ NNN?NSi  _Time: 10 Minutes/Team.0   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10e.+D=' = @B + ZK0 0,\(  , ,  6o "``    "8hBn , H? ?"6?@`NNN?ND<4___PPT9 l*Example: Chinook Salmon at Cosumnes River&+ " 2+$H , 0޽h ? 33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +1  ZK0   X (  X X  @0e0e     ? 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