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Peer Reviewed Publications

By admin on 11/10/2006 | Keyword(s): Global science; Webpage

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Crisis Ecoregions

As natural habitats are destroyed and degraded, biodiversity and the benefits humans derive from it are put at risk. Conservation efforts can mitigate this risk, but only if they are distributed in a way that represents the ecosystems at risk and helps to sustain ecological function.

Crisis ecoregions are places where current habitat condition, threats and trends suggest that substantial, irreversible and irreplaceable losses of significant biodiversity are likely without successful conservation intervention.

The following scientific papers identify crisis ecoregions based on global analyses of habitat loss and protection.

Confronting a biome crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection (.pdf, 267 kb) Jonathan M. Hoekstra, Timothy M. Boucher, Taylor H. Ricketts and Carter Roberts. Ecology Letters (2005) 8: 23–29

Human impacts on the natural environment have reached such proportions that in addition to an extinction crisis, we now also face a broader biome crisis. Here we identify the world’s terrestrial biomes and, at a finer spatial scale, ecoregions in which biodiversity and ecological function are at greatest risk because of extensive habitat conversion and limited habitat protection. Habitat conversion exceeds habitat protection by a ratio of 8 : 1 in temperate grasslands and Mediterranean biomes, and 10 : 1 in more than 140 ecoregions. These regions include some of the most biologically distinctive, species rich ecosystems on Earth, as well as the last home of many threatened and endangered species. Confronting the biome crisis requires a concerted and comprehensive response aimed at protecting not only species, but the variety of landscapes, ecological interactions, and evolutionary pressures that sustain biodiversity, generate ecosystem services, and evolve new species in the future.
Are we losing ground?
Jonathan M. Hoekstra, Timothy M. Boucher, Taylor H. Ricketts and Carter Roberts
Conservation in Practice (2004) 5:28-29 (requires access through ConserveOnline, university library, or other subscription service).

New research signals a global disparity between the habitats we are protecting and those that we are losing. A game plan that concentrates only on species loss won’t solve the problem.

River Fragmentation

Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River Systems
Christer Nilsson, Catherine A. Reidy, Mats Dynesius, Carmen Revenga
Science (2005) Vol. 308. no. 5720, pp. 405 - 408 (requires access through ConserveOnline, university library, or other subscription service)

A global overview of dam-based impacts on large RIVER systems shows that over half (172 out of 292) are affected by dams, including the eight most biogeographically diverse. Dam-impacted catchments experience higher irrigation pressure and about 25 times more economic activity per unit of water than do unaffected catchments. In view of projected changes in climate and water resource use, these findings can be used to identify ecological risks associated with further impacts on large RIVER systems.

Other Key Global Conservation Science Publications

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2006

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Higgins, J. V., J. Touval, R. S. Unnasch, S. Reichle, D. C. Oren, W. W. Waldman, and J. M. Hoekstra. 2006. Who needs to spend money on conservation science anyway? Conservation Biology, in press.

Hoekstra, J. M. 2006. Minding the Gap. The Nature Conservancy Magazine, in press.

Jennings, M., O. Loucks, D. Glenn-Lewin, R. Peet, D. Faber-Langendoen, D. Grossman, A. Damman, M. Barbour, R. Pfister, M. Walker, S. Talbot, J. Walker, G. Hartshorn, G. Waggoner, M. Abrams, D. Brown, A. Hill, D. Roberts, D. Tart, M. Rejmanek. In review. Description, documentation, and evaluation of associations and alliances within the U.S. National Vegetation Classification. Ecological Monographs.

Rappole J., B. Compton, P. Leimgruber, J. Robertson, D. King, S. Renner. 2006. Modeling movement of west nile virus in the Western hemisphere. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Vol. 6, No. 2: 128-139.

Revenga, C. 2006. “¿Por qué debn procuparnos los ecosistemas de agua dulce y su
biodiversidad?” La Vanguardia Dossier, No. 21: 80-90.

Spalding, M., H. Fox, N. Davidson, Z. Ferdana., M. Finlayson., B. Halpern, M. Jorge, A. Lombana, S. Lourie, K. Martin, E. McManus, J. Molnar, K. Newman, C. Recchia & J. Robertson. 2006. Global Coastal and Marine Biogeographic Regionalization as a Support Tool for Implementation of CBD Programmes of Work. COP8 Information Document 34. Eighth Ordinary Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity Information Documents. Montreal, Canada: Convention on Biological Diversity.

Watson, R., C. Revenga and Y. Kura. 2006. Fishing gear associated with global marine catches: I Database development. Fisheries Research 79: 97-102

Watson, R., C. Revenga and Y. Kura. 2006. Fishing gear associated with global marine catches: II Trends in trawling and dredging. Fisheries Research 79: 103-111.

2005

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Allan, J. D., R. Abell, Z. Hogan, C. Revenga, B. W. Taylor, R. L. Welcomme, and K. Winemiller. 2005. “Overfishing of Inland Waters.” BioScience Vol. 55 No. 12, 1041-1051.

Chape, S., J. Harrison J., M. Spalding & Lysenko, I. 2005 Measuring the extent and effectiveness of protected areas as an indicator for meeting global biodiversity targets. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 360, 443-455.

Hoekstra, J. M., T. M. Boucher, T. H. Ricketts, and C. Roberts. 2005. Confronting a biome crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection. Ecology Letters 8:23-29.

Ibisch, P.L., M.D. Jennings, and S. Kreft. Biodiversity needs the help of global change managers, not museum-keepers. Nature 438:156.

Jennings, M.D., J. Williams, and M. Stromberg. 2005. Diversity and productivity of plant communities across the Inland Northwest, USA. Oecologia 143(4):607-618.

Jennings, M.D. 2005. Techniques for Classifying and Understanding Vegetation Alliances. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association Section on Statistics & the Environment 2936-2940, Alexandria, Virginia, USA: American Statistical Association.

Nilsson, C., C. A. Reidy, M. Dynesius, and C. Revenga. 2005. “Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World’s Large River Systems” Science, Vol 308, Issue 5720, 405-408.

Revenga, C. 2005. “Developing Indicators of Ecosystem Condition Using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing.” Regional Environmental Change Vol. 5, 205–214.

Revenga, C., I. Campbell, R. Abell. P. de Villiers, and M. Bryer. 2005. “Prospects for monitoring freshwater ecosystems towards the 2010 targets.” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 360, 397-413.

Ricketts, T.H., E. Dinerstein, T. Boucher, T. M. Brooks, S.H.M. Butchart, M. Hoffmann, J. Lamoreux, J. Morrison, M. Parr, J.D. Pilgrim, A.S.L. Rodrigues, W. Sechrest, G.E. Wallace, K. Berlin, J. Bielby, N.D. Burgess, D.R. Church, N. Cox, D. Knox, C. Loucks, G.W. Luck, L.L. Master, R. Moore, R. Naidoo, R. Ridgely, G.E. Schatz, G. Shire, H. Strand, W. Wettengel, E. Wikramanayake . 2005. Pinpointing and preventing imminent extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - US. 51: 18497-18501

Spencer, T. & Spalding, M. D. 2005 Coral reefs of Southeast Asia: controls, patterns and human impacts. In Physical Geography of Southeast Asia (ed. A. Gupta), pp. 402-427. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

2004

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Brooks, T.M., M.I. Bakarr, T. Boucher, G.A.B. Fonseca, C.Hilton-Taylor, J.M. Hoekstra, T. Moritz, S. Olivier, J. Parrish, R.L. Pressey, A.S.L. Rodrigues, W. Sechrest, A. Stattersfield, W. Strahm & S.N. Stuart. 2004. Coverage provided by the global protected-area system: Is it enough? BioScience 54: 1081-1091.

Higgins, J. H., T. H. Ricketts, J. D. Parrish, E. Dinerstein, G. Powell, S. Palminteri, J. M. Hoekstra, J. Morrison, A. Tomasek and J. Adams. 2004. Beyond Noah: Saving species is not enough. Conservation Biology 18:1672-1673.

Hoekstra, J. M., T. M. Boucher, T. H. Ricketts and C. Roberts. 2004. Are we losing ground? Conservation in Practice 5:28-29.

Jennings, M.D. 2005. Techniques for Classifying and Understanding Vegetation Alliances. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association Section on Statistics & the Environment 2936-2940, Alexandria, Virginia, USA: American Statistical Association.

Kura, Y., C. Revenga, E. Hocino, and G. Mock. 2004. Fishing for Answers: Making sense of the global fish crisis. G. Mock and C. Revenga Eds. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.

Molnar, J., M. Marvier, & P. Kareiva. (2004) The Sum Is Greater than the Parts. Conservation Biology 18 (6), 1670-1671.

Smakhtin, V., C. Revenga, and P, Döll. 2004. Taking into Account Environmental Water Requirements in Global-Scale Water Resources Assessments. Comprehensive Assessment Research Report 2. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka. (International Water Resources Association 2004 Best Paper Award).

Spalding, M. D. 2004 A Guide to the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean. Berkeley, USA: University of California Press.

Spalding, M. & Kramer, P. 2004 The Caribbean. In Defying Ocean's End: an agenda for action (ed. L. K. Glover & S. A. Earle), pp. 7-41. Washington DC: Island Press.

2003

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Revenga, C. and Y. Kura. 2003. Status and Trends of Inland Water Biodiversity. CBD Technical Papers Series No. 11. Montreal, Canada: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Spalding, M. D., M. Taylor, C. Ravilious, F.T. Short & E.P. Green. 2003 Global overview: the distribution and status of seagrasses. In World Atlas of Seagrasses (ed. E. P. Green & F. T. Short), pp. 5-26, 262-286. Berkeley, USA: University of California Press.

2002

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Clark, J. A., J. M. Hoekstra, P. D. Boersma, and P. Kareiva. 2002. Improving U.S. Endangered Species Act recovery plans: key findings and recommendations of the SCB recovery plan project. Conservation Biology 16:1510-1519.

Harvey, E., J. M. Hoekstra, R. J. O'Connor, and W. F. Fagan. 2002. Recovery plan revisions: progress or just process? Ecological Applications 12:682-689.

Hoekstra, J. M., J. A. Clark, W. F. Fagan, and P. D. Boersma. 2002. A comprehensive review of Endangered Species Act recovery plans. Ecological Applications 12:630-640.

Hoekstra, J. M., W. F. Fagan, and J. E. Bradley. 2002. A critical role for critical habitat in the recovery planning process? Not yet. Ecological Applications 12:701-707.

Roberts, C. M., McLean, C. J., Allen, G. R., Hawkins, J. P., McAllister, D. E., Mittermeier, C., Schueler, F., Spalding, M., Veron, J. E. N., Wells, F., Vynne, C. & Werner, T. 2002 Marine biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities for tropical reefs. Science 295, 1280-4.

2001

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Boersma, P. D., P. Kareiva, W. F. Fagan, J. A. Clark, and J. M. Hoekstra. 2001. How good are endangered species recovery plans? BioScience 51:643-649.

Burke, L., Y. Kura, K. Kassem, C. Revenga, M. Spalding, and D. McAllister. 2001. Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems: Coastal Ecosystems. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.

Green, R., Harley, M., Spalding, M. & Zöckler, C. 2001 The Impacts of Climate Change on Wildlife. Sandy, UK: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.

Harding, E. K., E. E. Crone, B. D. Elderd, J. M. Hoekstra, A. J. McKerrow, J. D. Perrine, J. Regetz, L. J. Rissler, A. G. Stanley, E. L. Walters, and NCEAS HCP Working Group. 2001. Habitat Conservation Planning: The Science of Compromise. Conservation Biology 15:488-500.

Johnson, N., C. Revenga, and J. Echeverria. 2001. “Can We Manage Water for People and Nature?” Science (292): 1071-1072.

Spalding, M. D., C. Ravilious & E.P. Green. 2001 World Atlas of Coral Reefs. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.

2000

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Jennings, M.D. 2000. Gap analysis: concepts, methods, and recent results. Journal of Landscape Ecology 15(1):5-20

Revenga, C., J. Brunner, N. Henninger, K. Kassem, and R. Payne. 2000. Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems: Freshwater Systems. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.

1998

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Bryant, D., L. Burke, J. McManus & M. Spalding. 1998 Reefs at Risk: a map-based indicator of threats to the world's coral reefs. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute, International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, World Conservation Monitoring Centre and United Nations Environment Programme.

Scott, J.M., and M.D. Jennings. 1998. Large-area mapping of biodiversity. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 85(1):34-47.

Revenga, C., S. Murray, J. Abramovitz, and A. Hammond, 1998. Watersheds of the World: Ecological Value and Vulnerability. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.

1997 and prior

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Jennings, M.D., B. Csuti, and J.M. Scott. 1997. Wildlife habitat relationship models: distribution and abundance. Conservation Biology 11(6):1271-1272.

Jennings, M.D. 1995. Habitat assessments. In: Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals and ecosystems, E.T. LaRoe et al., eds., National Biological Service, Washington, D.C. 530p.

Jennings, M.D., and J.P. Reganold. 1992. A theoretical basis for managing environmentally sensitive areas. Environmental Conservation 18(3):211-218.

Scott, J.M., M. Jennings, R.G. Wright and B. Csuti. 1996. Landscape approaches to mapping biodiversity. BioScience 46(2):77-78.

Spalding, M. D., Blasco, F. & Field, C. D. 1997 World Mangrove Atlas. Okinawa, Japan: International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems.

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For more information, please contact the team at conservationgateway@tnc.org