ࡱ> z|y%` gbjbjٕ .~_!!!! !LV>""""""""=======$ ?htAv=&""&&="">...&""=.&=..."! Ø! -.=&>0V>.A-.A.A."#r.#\M$"""==-"""V>&&&&|!$|!  June 10 Session Chat June 10, 2009 5:21:08 PM from Greg Low to All Participants: My understanding of this strategy is that it's not particularly climate-specific, but rather focused on conserving healthy ecosystems. June 10, 2009 5:22:28 PM from Estuardo-Atitlan Team-Guatemala to Host & Presenter: Conserve larger landscapes...?? June 10, 2009 5:22:53 PM from Pip Walsh to All Participants: Climate change has increased our ability to articulate the importance of this strategy to policy makers June 10, 2009 5:22:56 PM from Louis Provencher to All Participants: In the Intermountain West, geology appears to determine where altered hydrology from CC will be a threat to ecological systems that are discharge areas. Carbonate rocks buffer against CC, but not volcanic or metamorphic bedrock. June 10, 2009 5:23:56 PM from Barry to All Participants: sandy loam soils and biological crusts highly susceptible during dry times. If possible change time of grazing to wetter periods June 10, 2009 5:24:42 PM from Greg Low to All Participants: Here's what Kareiva says for this R..."Within ecosystems, there may be particular structural characteristics (e.g., three-dimensional complexity, growth patterns), organisms (e.g., functional groups, native species), or areas (e.g., buffer zones, migration corridors) that are particularly important for promoting the resilience of the overall system." June 10, 2009 5:25:03 PM from Estuardo-Atitlan Team-Guatemala to All Participants: In Atitln watershed, the southern portion of the mountain chain is wetter than the northern portion. The southern face may be more resilient to climate change impacts. June 10, 2009 5:26:24 PM from Greg Low to All Participants: I think we're confusing this strategy with refugia June 10, 2009 5:28:15 PM from lynn decker to All Participants: why isn't that example relocation? June 10, 2009 5:28:23 PM from Anita Diederichsen to All Participants: That is what we are doing in Atlantic Forest - restoring the forest - the question for us is if this will be able to increase the forest resilience June 10, 2009 5:30:51 PM from Louis Provencher to All Participants: Increasing perennial grass cover by several actions to buffer invasion of non-native cheatgrass. Not perfect but helps. June 10, 2009 5:31:31 PM from Judy Dunscomb to All Participants: We have a potential killer restoration strategy for the barrier islands of VCR - we've recently learned that these islands are being starved of sediment due to loss of sediment inputs due to dams on the Delware River. So the strategy (questionable feasibility) is to restore that sediment source. Also, this is would enhance resiliency to sea level rise. June 10, 2009 5:31:43 PM from Louis Provencher to All Participants: Added note: cheatgras in fertilized by CO2 and moisture. June 10, 2009 5:32:30 PM from Barry to All Participants: restoration to what climate? Your site may be on a different trajectory June 10, 2009 5:32:33 PM from Greg Low to All Participants: Maybe I'm cranky late in the day, but again, I don't think of this R as a climate-specific strategy. It is designed to increase resilience to the additional stress of climate change, as I read Kareiva's paper. June 10, 2009 5:32:50 PM from Louis Provencher to All Participants: see below June 10, 2009 5:33:08 PM from Judy Dunscomb to All Participants: I agree - restoration to enhance resiliency. June 10, 2009 5:34:14 PM from Louis Provencher to All Participants: I agree with Greg. June 10, 2009 5:35:32 PM from Judy Dunscomb to All Participants: Phew! Imagine how you'd be without that! June 10, 2009 5:38:23 PM from Greg Low to All Participants: Definitely agree with all of these strategies being driven by our hypotheses of change! June 10, 2009 5:41:21 PM from Pip Walsh to All Participants: Greening Australia does quite a lot of direct restoration/replanting across our landscapes and are seeing planting windows change and also seeing impacts on timing and seed quantity in terms of seed collection. Broad strategy not changing but implementation may change considerably June 10, 2009 5:42:31 PM from Judy Dunscomb to All Participants: In the Central Apps, we've been discussing the conservation of small patch endemic communities, recognizing that the composition of those specific communities may change, but that the drivers of endemism - stressful environments, geographic isolation, and long history of evolution in place - will continue to function and that these areas will sustain unique biodiversity even in an altered climate. June 10, 2009 5:44:01 PM from Silvia to All Participants: We are worried that climate change (increase in precipitation) may increase human threats eg. agriculture to these forests, so we are thinking how we can prevent this. It is not so much on the biological side but more on the human part June 10, 2009 5:45:32 PM from Isa to All Participants: great example! June 10, 2009 5:45:52 PM from Karen Poiani to All Participants: I think that silvia's example is "reduce anthropogenic factors" - reduce agric conversion June 10, 2009 5:46:40 PM from Greg Low to All Participants: Silvia's point is interesting. Climate change stresses will act to increase the ranking of another threat. Then we need to tackle that threat with increased vigor. June 10, 2009 5:48:22 PM from Judy Dunscomb to All Participants: Probably not representation - but somewhat refugia - refugia for a process of evolution in an ancient landscape. June 10, 2009 5:49:03 PM from Isa to All Participants: Securing abandoned ag fields adjacent to wetlands to allow movement of wetlands inland would be considered what type of strategy, refugia? June 10, 2009 5:49:31 PM from Judy Dunscomb to All Participants: That's a resiliency strategy. June 10, 2009 5:49:47 PM from Isa to All Participants: Ok thanks, this is in response to SLR June 10, 2009 5:50:19 PM from Yim to All Participants: fish aggregation sites, herbivory, for key ecological features June 10, 2009 5:51:09 PM from Estuardo-Atitlan Team-Guatemala to Host & Presenter: We are analyzing the impact of forest fires, trying to determine historical fire regime, and better at both allow fires, and also control them, where they should not be... June 10, 2009 5:51:10 PM from Louis Provencher to All Participants: Not concrete enough for me. Too conceptual. I think in terms of CO2 and temp, and so on. June 10, 2009 5:51:18 PM from Greg Low to All Participants: It's fuzzy, but thought-provoking. I like having the list of Rs. June 10, 2009 5:51:33 PM from Pip Walsh to All Participants: Not sure if it is useful to categorise actions as one or the other but is useful to prompt thinking June 10, 2009 5:52:09 PM from Judy Dunscomb to All Participants: I do think that it's helpful to give pracitioners a framework for thinking about adaptation, and that this is a start at such a framework. June 10, 2009 5:53:53 PM from Judy Dunscomb to All Participants: I also think that our Ecoregional Assessments need to be revised to seriously consider climate induced changes. End of June 10 Session June 11 Session Chat June 11, 2009 7:10:38 AM from Kim Hall to All Participants: CCSP. 2008. Preliminary Review of Adaptation Options for Climate-Sensitive Ecosystems and Resources. Final Report, Synthesis and Assessment Product 4.4. U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, Washington, D.C. June 11, 2009 7:15:39 AM from Dan Salzer to All Participants: here's the url to the report Kim referenced above: http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap4-4/final-report/ June 11, 2009 7:18:36 AM from Barbara Vickery to All Participants: has tp do with how we defne goal - if it is species , then loss of species is the problem, but that would lead to strategies toward keeping the species - but maybe the problem really is how to make sure diverse native secies reach your site June 11, 2009 7:18:39 AM from Kristin and Jennifer at WO to All Participants: also here, with other relevant articles http://conserveonline.org/workspaces/climateadaptation/documents/climate-adaptation-bibliography-papers-articles June 11, 2009 7:19:04 AM from Doug Pearsall to All Participants: Re: Barbara's point: I think the definition of the CCproblem can lead to several HoC June 11, 2009 7:19:13 AM from Sara Gottlieb (GAFO) to All Participants: Coastal salt marshes - some may be able to move inland more easily than others depending on hydrologic regime June 11, 2009 7:19:30 AM from Kim Hall to All Participants: Not sure I'm on the same wavelength as Barbara, but anticipating all of the human responses often is likely to require thinking at much larger scales than a typical CAP...and now I see her answer -- and yes, we often will need to shift away from species if we are thinking long term. June 11, 2009 7:19:40 AM from jora young to All Participants: protect oyster reef habitat to buffer storm surge impacts on a coastal wetland of concern June 11, 2009 7:19:45 AM from Kristin France to All Participants: another example--protecting active river area/floodplains --a strategy that works now and hopefully in future with more frequent and intense storm events. June 11, 2009 7:19:45 AM from T Hall to All Participants: Protecting key areas of shoreline in Great Lakes - linked to refugia June 11, 2009 7:20:05 AM from Phil Gerla to All Participants: Glacial beach ridge wetlands in Tallgrass Aspen Parkland - special protection for shallow water table / groundwater wetlands June 11, 2009 7:20:05 AM from Andy Finton to All Participants: Mimimum dynamic area for large matrix ecosystems (eg. temperate forests) that maintain ecological resilience June 11, 2009 7:20:07 AM from Barbara Vickery to All Participants: connectivity, June 11, 2009 7:20:39 AM from Doug Pearsall to All Participants: re: nearshore systems in the GL; nearshore slope percentage will influence the impact of lower lake levels (some systems will lose more habitat than other) June 11, 2009 7:20:41 AM from Eric Krueger to All Participants: We're starting to focus on elevational corridors in SC and NC to impart resiliency to our mountain ecosystems... June 11, 2009 7:20:54 AM from Andy Finton to All Participants: I agree Barbara, I think connectivity should be the 8th "R" June 11, 2009 7:20:56 AM from Nels Johnson to All Participants: Forests - representation of Ecological Land Units (e.g., geophysical representation) June 11, 2009 7:21:37 AM from Jimi Gragg to All Participants: Desert springs - important reservoirs of biodiversity in Great Basin. Different "ages" of water, some are more (amplitude & rapidity) responsive to land cover changes, precip changes, or groundwater pumping. June 11, 2009 7:22:30 AM from Barbara Vickery to All Participants: legacy June 11, 2009 7:22:38 AM from Eric Krueger to All Participants: What strikes me about much of our climate change adaptation is that it's really a focused refinement of our usual strategy elements -- minimum patches, connecting corridors, capturing key ecotones with sufficient buffer areas, etc. June 11, 2009 7:23:03 AM from Dorset Hurley to All Participants: coastal marshes: some marshes will be much more susceptible to Sea LR due to accretion vs erosion vs subcidence of sediment budget June 11, 2009 7:23:13 AM from Kim Hall to All Participants: In Great Lakes, stratify also by patterns of lake effect snow (more drought resistance) June 11, 2009 7:27:15 AM from jora young to All Participants: Restoration of linkages between isolated natural systems on a elevational gradient (mountain) to enable species to migrate across up and down the gradient more readily June 11, 2009 7:27:16 AM from Eric Krueger to All Participants: Hydrodynamic forcing -- the "push" of saline water up tidal creeks that are otherwise fresh, is a key factor in how far upstream we need to plan for resiliency in coastal systems June 11, 2009 7:27:41 AM from Thomas Walschburger to All Participants: corridors to reconnect isolated ecosytem patches June 11, 2009 7:27:47 AM from Dan Salzer to All Participants: planting of trees along streams to increase shading and lower water temperatures for salmonids June 11, 2009 7:27:50 AM from Kim Hall to All Participants: Restoring riparian buffers to reduce impact of intense storm events on stream systems (esp in agricultural matrix) June 11, 2009 7:27:51 AM from Thomas Walschburger to All Participants: altitudinal corridors June 11, 2009 7:27:53 AM from Robb Johnson to All Participants: Dam removal and other stream connectivity work to maintain temperature gradients and "north-south" connectivity June 11, 2009 7:28:03 AM from Doria Gordon to All Participants: Restoring connectivity of stream systems through dam removal so species can migrate upstream if necessary. June 11, 2009 7:28:10 AM from Thomas Walschburger to All Participants: river hidrological regimes June 11, 2009 7:28:10 AM from Thomas Minney to All Participants: High elevation red-spruce forests in Central Apps to increase size, scale, and connectivity improve ability to absorb impacts June 11, 2009 7:28:37 AM from Sara Gottlieb (GAFO) to All Participants: restoring drainage canals in marshes to increase capacity to absorb sea level rise / salt water intrusion June 11, 2009 7:28:50 AM from Jimi Gragg to All Participants: Pushing back on pinyon-juniper encroachment in a variety of high desert systems - better infiltration, better connectivity of pre-existing terrestrial systems June 11, 2009 7:29:32 AM from jora young to All Participants: removing mosquito ditches in low lying coastal areas to reduce salt water intrusion into the terrestial environments June 11, 2009 7:29:42 AM from Doria Gordon to All Participants: Even more impetus to restore natural fire regimes, control exotics so that species can respond from a less stressed system - as Karen just said. June 11, 2009 7:30:42 AM from Thomas Walschburger to All Participants: grazing intensity to manage species compositionin grasslands June 11, 2009 7:30:53 AM from Rebecca Shirer to All Participants: Incorporate more heterogeneity into restoration sites to provide internal refugia June 11, 2009 7:32:00 AM from Dorset Hurley to All Participants: wetland migration corridores with planning elements that hindge upon current human infrastructure and potential reinforcing of property protection stategies that will impinge upon effectiveness of conservation planning June 11, 2009 7:34:34 AM from Sonia Hall to All Participants: anthro factors: engage with wind energy developers to avoid development in critical corridors in a fragmented landscape June 11, 2009 7:35:20 AM from Thomas Walschburger to All Participants: reconsider proposed pleistocene refugia during glacial and interglacial periods June 11, 2009 7:35:36 AM from Phil Gerla to All Participants: Identify areas east and west that may capture a broader range of rainfall variability (drier - west), which will protect the focus of the Tallgrass Aspen Parkland landscape. June 11, 2009 7:35:42 AM from Doria Gordon to All Participants: We have evaluated which types of locations in FL Keys reef systems seem to be most resilient to coral bleaching and disease and are now working on how to protect those areas (not traditionally in the Marine Sanctuary system) June 11, 2009 7:35:46 AM from Andy Finton to All Participants: In SE Massachusetts we have a goal to represent ecosystems across the geophysical gradients at which they occur June 11, 2009 7:35:48 AM from Sara Gottlieb (GAFO) to All Participants: anthro factors: collecting and replacing oyster shells to provide places for oyster spat to settle because with oyster harvesting, the shells have been depleted June 11, 2009 7:35:56 AM from Kim Hall to All Participants: The team updating the Ecoregional Planning docs is thinking about representation at larger scales. June 11, 2009 7:36:38 AM from Eric Krueger to All Participants: We're working on a forest matrix analysis in the Southern Blue Ridge (well-protected at ~70% of area in conservation) that should give us an idea of our current level of replication; may give us ideas about locations of refugia and to what extent our protection has captured those... June 11, 2009 7:36:41 AM from Dorset Hurley to All Participants: Planning for shifts in conditon. Current planned refugia may or may not maintain future refugia conditions necessary to be effective . Need to have refugia levels that accomodate the differing modeling scenarios 1st 2nd 3rd tier so that you don't put all of your planning and acquisition outcomes into one basket June 11, 2009 7:36:51 AM from Barbara Vickery to All Participants: refugia eg.may boost priority of protecting areas that may seem small outliers but the outliers may yrn out to ve refugia? June 11, 2009 7:38:52 AM from Rebecca Shirer to All Participants: anth. factors: work with communities to help plan low-impact adaptation in human systems June 11, 2009 7:39:33 AM from Kim Hall to All Participants: It would be great to think of explicit ways for CAPs and Ecoreg plans to "connect" better, especially on CC, but would help on lots of threats that operate at regional/global scales June 11, 2009 7:39:58 AM from Eric Krueger to All Participants: We are exploring relocation work for flatwoods salamander, and captive propagation for a rare mussel. But, we weren't initially driven by climate change to do these... June 11, 2009 7:40:52 AM from Eric Krueger to All Participants: I did my Master's work on calcareous fens.. Isn't buckthorn a lovely plant? June 11, 2009 7:43:22 AM from Jimi Gragg to All Participants: I find this framework very useful. June 11, 2009 7:43:49 AM from T Hall to All Participants: I like this because it keeps us in what we do best - not changing global laws or policy etc - these are things that we CAN do. June 11, 2009 7:44:15 AM from Doug Pearsall to All Participants: regarding representation: ecoregional assessments might identify areas that contain high density of ecological systems in relatively small areas, thereby representing more systems more efficiently. Also, these areas might be more "resilient" (an eighth "r"?) and provide relatively more refugia. We tried to identify some of these areas in the North Central Tillplain June 11, 2009 7:44:18 AM from jora young to All Participants: I think it is useful to have a simple structure like this. We all have to get used to things being a bit fuzzy - given the foggy nature of what we face. It is useful as a kind of "checklist" June 11, 2009 7:44:29 AM from Doria Gordon to All Participants: It would be useful to use this as a checklist to help teams think through potential options, but not force teams to put each strategy in a specific box. June 11, 2009 7:44:32 AM from Barbara Vickery to All Participants: good way to prmpt broader thinking as long as we don't worry about the fuzzy lines between the categories June 11, 2009 7:44:33 AM from Phil Gerla to All Participants: I think it's very helpful because it provide key ways to think about dealing with climate change, even if there is overlap. June 11, 2009 7:44:36 AM from Sonia Hall to All Participants: I really agree with Patrick's comment that it forces us to broaden our thinking to try and see if there are other types of strategies we can develop June 11, 2009 7:44:55 AM from Kim Hall to All Participants: I think it misses a big piece -- we need to set priorities by ranking Risk/potential benefits. The tradeoffs on how we spend resources need to be as explicit as possible. June 11, 2009 7:44:59 AM from John Randall to All Participants: Good framework to spur thinking. There is lots of overlap so its important not to get hung up on using it to categorize strategies; just use it to inspire thinking. June 11, 2009 7:45:25 AM from Kristin France to All Participants: i think it's very useful for stimulating thinking, and as long as we downplay needing to fit things in boxes, its fine June 11, 2009 7:45:27 AM from Nels Johnson to All Participants: I like it because it's relatively simple and easy to understand. I might add another "r" which is resilience though that takes into a term that's less obvious for some. June 11, 2009 7:45:29 AM from Sonia Hall to All Participants: One small change: I'd add an "other?" bullet, because there are people who might be pushing their thinking further than these categories June 11, 2009 7:46:15 AM from Rebecca Shirer to All Participants: Good point from Kim - we should focus on most critical strategies, not just what we can do easily in our current framework June 11, 2009 7:46:54 AM from Dorset Hurley to All Participants: Expression of climate change will be so varied in differing environs that the utility of monitoring (long term) key climate parameters will be necessary to improve adaptive management of habitats and programs that are focused upon retaining biodiversity Monitoring is missing and essential in my opinion June 11, 2009 7:47:24 AM from Rachael Franks Taylor to All Participants: i second (3d, 4th?) the call for resilience - although this may be an overarching 'r' - the glue that holds the other R's together June 11, 2009 7:48:34 AM from Barbara Vickery to All Participants: Nels - how about relabeling "key ecological factors" as resiience? June 11, 2009 7:48:50 AM from Dan Salzer to All Participants: How about changing the first bullet to "Retain key ecological features" so that you actually have 7 R's? June 11, 2009 7:48:59 AM from Kristin France to All Participants: can you think of anything that contributes to system resilience (system ability to rebound from change, yes?) that isn't already in the list of Rs? June 11, 2009 7:49:27 AM from Kristin France to All Participants: maybe avoiding thresholds that push you over an edge into state change? June 11, 2009 7:50:48 AM from Barbara Vickery to All Participants: I agree - resilience is all - go to Dan's "retain" June 11, 2009 7:51:33 AM from Kristin France to All Participants: woo hoo, retain! June 11, 2009 7:52:00 AM from Karen Poiani to All Participants: I love it Retain! June 11, 2009 7:52:13 AM from Kim Hall to All Participants: I agree with Doria...some talking points on triage would help too (don't hit me). June 11, 2009 7:53:12 AM from Jimi Gragg to All Participants: Triage is the elphant in the room - going to be some paradigm changes needed June 11, 2009 7:53:14 AM from Nels Johnson to All Participants: I agree that the best meaning of resilience is the glue that holds it all together. One possible exception is that there are specific adaptation actions that don't fit neatly under the other "r"s - for example planting native species with wide ecological amplitudes (e.g., eastern white pine, Ponderosa pine) or focusing on stream reaches with major cold water spring sources. June 11, 2009 7:53:31 AM from Andy Finton to All Participants: Good point Doria. The discussions of assisted migration are only beginning in the Northeast, but will undoubtedly grow over time. June 11, 2009 7:54:59 AM from jora young to All Participants: thanks so much Karen and Patrick. This was a good session. It might be a nice thing to have a list of plausible specific strategies under each of these categories June 11, 2009 7:55:05 AM from Karen Poiani to Host & Presenter: super job Patrick!   $    ;Z"###%%%%-%.%gh).h).hn5OJQJ^Jh).h).5OJQJ^Jhn` a   C D   ./~DE{|gdng| !"yzRSef#$op;gdn;< !!;"<"""n#o#D$E$$%%%-%.%r&s&,'-' &dPgdngdn-'j([)\)))**,,,,--0.1...//00011.2/2223gdn33:4k5l5:6;6667788H9I999::;;;;~<<<<==o>gdno>p>V?W?@@@@|A}ABB@CACDDDDEEFF|G}GoHpHII~JJgdnJLLLpMqMlNmN^O_OOO_P`P#Q$QRRSSTTUEVFV"W#WXXYgdnYYYYZZ[[S\T\]]^^6___``Za[aa6b7bbb*c+cccgdnceeOfPf>|?}?o@p@AA~BBDDDpEqElFmF^G_GGG_H`H#I$IJJKKLLMENFN"O#OPPQQQQRRSSSTTTUUVV6WWWXXZY[YY6Z7ZZZ*[+[[[]]O^P^<_=___00@0@0@0@0@0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000_ 00g4|;-'3o>JYcg5789:;<=>g68@0(  B S  ? 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