ࡱ> BDA%` 'bjbj"x"x .6@@x x x x $  ( Z\\\\\\$h& && &  Z&Z `Cǚqx .Z0L X   &&&& Evaluating the effects of hydrologic changes on stream fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages in New Jersey Pinelands streams, USA Jonathan Kennen, U.S. Geological Survey Abstract: Water-supply development has been linked to changes in streamflow patterns, which can affect stream biodiversity. Relations of hydrologic, water-quality, and landscape parameters to stream fish and macroinvertebrate-assemblages were evaluated at 43 Pinelands stream reaches as part of a multiagency cooperative effort. Nearly 3 years of daily flow data prior to and encapsulating the sampling period were developed using records from nearby indexed continuous streamflow gages. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected during low- and high-flow periods in 2004 and 2005. Corresponding data on water chemistry, physical conditions, and landscape configuration were collected. More than 170 flow parameters accounting for duration, frequency, magnitude, timing, and rate of change of flow events were calculated. Patterns in fish and macroinvertebrate-assemblage structure among sites were examined using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) and general linear modeling (GLM) techniques. The primary NMS axis and indices of assemblage condition were significantly related to changes in flow regime (e.g., high- and low-flow duration, flashiness), instream habitat, and landscape alteration. GLM results are being used to identify hydrologic parameters associated with ecosystem disturbance, develop predictive flow-ecology response relations, assess withdrawal effects on assemblage structure, and provide water managers with a strong scientific basis for establishing targeted limits on hydrologic changes for maintaining aquatic health. Person Completing this Form: Jonathan G. Kennen, Aquatic Ecologist, U.S. Geological Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd. Suite 206, West Trenton, New Jersey 08628. Todays Date 03/15/2008 Project Date and Duration The work plan was approved by the Pinelands Commission in October 2003. The anticipated completion date for the Kirkwood-Cohansey Project is June 2009. Project Collaborators: Coauthors: Melissa Riskin Hydrologic Technician U.S. Geological Survey 810 Bear Tavern Rd. Suite 206 West Trenton, NJ 08628 John Bunnell Principal Research Scientist Pinelands Commission P.O. Box 7 New Lisbon, NJ 08064 The Kirkwood-Cohansey Project is a multiagency study that includes the Pinelands Commission, U. S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rutgers University, and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Project Location USA, Atlantic Coastal, New Jersey. The environmental setting for the Kirkwood-Cohansey Project includes several Pinelands watersheds that represent a range of hydrologic, geological, land-cover, and ecological conditions. The Pump Branch/Albertson Brook, Morses Mill Stream, Bass River, Rancocas Creek, Mullica River, Cedar Creek, and Batsto River systems are the primary study areas for stream-assemblage investigations. These drainages include a range of stream orders, water-quality conditions, and land-use characteristics. Intermittent-pond vegetation, anuran larval-development, forested wetlands, and swamp pink (Helonias bullata) studies are also being conducted within the study areas. Relations at the local and landscape scale are being developed. Study Area (km2): Study Area is the Pinelands National Reserve (PNR) created by Congress under the National Parks and Recreation Act of 1978. The PNR is the first National Reserve in the nation. The PNR encompasses approximately 4,452 km2 covering portions of seven counties and all or parts of 56 municipalities. Aim/Purpose: Assess the probable ecological effects of induced stream-flow and groundwater-level changes on aquatic and wetland communities and evaluate the hydrologic effects of groundwater diversions from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer on stream flows and wetland water levels as per New Jersey Public Law 2001, Chapter 16. Objectives: Evaluate flow-ecology linkages by developing ecological response models relating fish and invertebrate-assemblage response to changes in streamflow processes. Assess the effects of water-level changes on wetland communities and develop broad landscape models that use projected changes in water levels to predict the effect on wetland communities including endangered species (e.g., Swamp Pink). Specific Activities and Methods: Stream assemblage sampling, flow monitoring, water-quality & field parameters, habitat and stream vegetation, GIS Data Land use/cover. Water level mapping, establish and maintain a continuous streamflow-gaging station at a downstream end of each study area, quantify and balance the major water-budget components (precipitation, ET, surface runoff, withdrawals, groundwater discharge to streams, changes in storage, and recharge), pump tests to characterize wetland/aquifer interactions under unstressed conditions by evaluating head gradients, use build-out and water-demand assessments and hypothetical demands to prepare hydrologic model input-data sets to simulate the effect of various pumping scenarios on each study area, develop ecological response models (e.g., GLM), wetland forest indicator species models, and spatially distributed models at a landscape scale relating wetland-forest community types and indicator species to changes in water level (e.g., machine learning models such as CART and RandomForest). Open access database development. Data Used Fish and invertebrate assemblage data at 43 sites sampled at during high and low-flow periods. Indices of fish and invertebrate assemblage condition, hydrologic, water use, GIS land use/cover, habitat, vegetation cover, and water-quality data. Data Generated Hydrographs for all sampling sites, 171 hydrologic metrics, stream and wetland community data matrices and indices, ancillary environmental data, water budget data, aquifer stress test data, water demand and build-out data. Results/Outcomes: Fish, invertebrate, and wetland assemblage response models relating changes in assemblage structure to changes in stream hydrology and water-levels, respectively. Water-level maps and build out projections. Spatially distributed CART and Random Forest models of mapped environmental characteristics that analyze the effect of various scenarios of natural and induced changes in the duration and frequency of saturation and flooding on the spatial distribution of wetland-forest community types and indicator species (i.e., shifts in community types associated with changes in water-table patterns). Regression models linking changes in water availability to alterations in intermittent-pond vegetation, anuran larval-development, forested wetlands, and swamp pink (Helonias bullata) populations. Products A series of reports and papers covering all aspects of the project (fish, invertebrate, anuran, and wetland assemblages, hydrology, endangereed species, water balance, build out, physiological stress, hydrologic framwork, etc.), an open access database, GIS models relating landscape-scale changes in species, biological communities, and ecosystem processes to changes in hydrologic regimes. The ultimate goal is to also produce a single final product that is a compendium of all reports. Management and Policy Application Results of this project will be used to determine how the current and future water-supply needs within the Pinelands area may be met while protecting the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system and avoiding any adverse ecological impact on the Pinelands Natural Reserve. Monitoring: Hydrologic baseline and groundwater level monitoring. Funding: 5,500,000 USD Funding Source: New Jersey Legislature Documents Kirkwood Cohansey Project  HYPERLINK "http://www.state.nj.us/pinelands/science/kirkwood/\\" http://www.state.nj.us/pinelands/science/kirkwood/\ Workplan for the Kirkwood Cohansey Project:  HYPERLINK "http://www.state.nj.us/pinelands/infor/broch/Kirkwood-Cohansey%20Project%20Work%20Plan.pdf" http://www.state.nj.us/pinelands/infor/broch/Kirkwood-Cohansey%20Project%20Work%20Plan.pdf k}L U Xes'(>J"HLZ$8DpGǭǼ~ hFDh) hFDhFDhFDhFDS* hFDh"\h4 hFDh4 h+;h"\hR0h"\5 h//hhh"\ h//h"\ h"\5h<}h"\5hhhh6 hh6 h"\5>* hh}5>* hh5>*hhh"\5>*.Ys(@Zq+- ^gd"\^gd"\ ^`gd"\$a$gdh'GQSYlm~*+,=   VabcijLs014STQRVwvĽĵĽҰҬĥĥĥĥĝҰĖďďҰ hO\h"\ hwh"\hO\h"\6 h}Fh"\hQ7. h"\5hh"\H* hDSh"\h"\hR0h"\5H*hR0h"\5 hFD6hO\hFD6hFD hFDh"\ hFDhFD hFDh"68V4wwk"$%%&;&&''#&dP^#`gd"\gd"\ ^`gd"\vwjkr}!"x"z"""""""##+$1$:$E$Q$a$h$n$$$$$$%%%%%%%%%&&"&#&žԾԚ툀؈x؀h9vh"\5hh"\5 h9vh"\hFD hFDhFD hFDh"6 hFDh"\ hhh"\hhh"\5 hQ7.h"\ hQ7.hQ7.hO\hQ7.6 hFDhQ7.hQ7. h"\5h[h"\5h[h"\6h"\hR0h"\5 h[h"\,#&:&D&a&b&n&&&&&&&&&&'''3'S'w'y'z'{''''j]h"\U h"\5h&h"\0Jjh"\Ujh"\Uh"\hh"\5 hh"\,1h/ =!"#$% ]DyK 4http://www.state.nj.us/pinelands/science/kirkwood/\yK http://www.state.nj.us/pinelands/science/kirkwood//yX;H,]ą'cDyK [http://www.state.nj.us/pinelands/infor/broch/Kirkwood-Cohansey%20Project%20Work%20Plan.pdfyK http://www.state.nj.us/pinelands/infor/broch/Kirkwood-Cohansey Project Work Plan.pdfyX;H,]ą'c@@@ "\NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA@D Default Paragraph FontRiR  Table Normal4 l4a (k(No List6U@6 "\ Hyperlink >*B*ph6Ys(@Zq  + -   V4wwk;000000000000000000000000000000000000000Ys(  V4wwk;J00/000000J00-00 J0 0+J0 0J0 0J0 0J0 0J00)J0 0J00'00 J0 000 00 0000 00^Gv#&'''azXX8@0(  B S  ?"11l11\I11I11H11H11\H11G11G11 11 114 11 11$5 11411511411l1111l11,11l11611611>114?11>11t>11d111111ԉ11l 11!114rr    % % < < 8 = T \ t t { kkr$$GG      !vv   " * * ( F F < B [ a z qxx..OO     ! =*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceType=*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceName>*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PostalCode9*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsState8*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsCity:*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsStreet; *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsaddressB"*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region9!*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace U "! ! !!"!!!!!>G$ * t z FRz(3x G 33  3FD) $"64t#)Q7."\hh}VWkZ@P(M P@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial"qh8FCц9924d 2QHX)?"\5Template for Regional Flow-Ecology Science Case Studyjgkennen Oh+'0$ 0< \ h t8Template for Regional Flow-Ecology Science Case Study jgkennen Normal.dot 6Microsoft Office Word@@2@bq՜.+,D՜.+,t0 hp   US Geological Sirvey9' 6Template for Regional Flow-Ecology Science Case Study Title 8@ _PID_HLINKSA UUhttp://www.state.nj.us/pinelands/infor/broch/Kirkwood-Cohansey Project Work Plan.pdf+?4http://www.state.nj.us/pinelands/science/kirkwood//  !"#%&'()*+,-./02345678:;<=>?@CRoot Entry F`ɚqEData 1Table$WordDocument.6SummaryInformation(1DocumentSummaryInformation89CompObjq  FMicrosoft Office Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q