ࡱ> qsp%` bjbj"x"x 42@@&&&&&&&:$$:vuuuuuuu$vhYyu&@@@u&&uXXX@R&&uX@uXX&&X n%qvXuu0vXzFzXz&X,XjpXuuN v@@@@::: > D:::> :::&&&&&&  Ecologically sustainable water management in Washington State, USA: Developing flow management tools for watershed planning Julian D. Olden, University of Washington Abstract: Washingtons streams and rivers are naturally dynamic and complex ecological systems that provide significant economic, social, spiritual, and recreational value. Despite Washington's reputation as a perpetually rainy place, the water needs of people and natural ecosystems are increasingly in conflict. Century-long decline of Pacific salmon, degraded water quality of rivers flowing into the Puget Sound, and continued loss of wildlife habitat are all strong signals of current water demand stress in this region. Water managers are becoming increasingly cognizant of these pressures, yet there remains a critical knowledge gap of the ecological tradeoffs associated with various flow management practices, including instream flows as presently mandated in Washington. Here, we introduce a new research initiative to advance the science and develop the tools required for ecologically sustainable water management in Washington. Our approach follows the Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration (ELOHA) framework by synthesizing the knowledge and data collected from individual rivers into a scientific framework that supports and guides the development of environmental flow standards at the regional scale. We present a state-wide hydrologic classification of unregulated rivers and quantify the range of natural flow variation that regulates characteristic ecological processes and habitat characteristics for distinct hydrologic types. This provides a baseline or reference condition against which ecological responses to alteration can be measured across multiple river segments falling along a gradient of hydrologic alteration. As an example, we develop flow-ecology relationships for hydrologic types according to population patterns of life history diversity for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) throughout the Puget Sound. These results highlight the ecological effects of hydrologic alteration and help form the basis of flow management for both river ecosystem protection (proactive flow management) and sustainable restoration (reactive flow management) for salmon life history diversity. Person Completing this Form Julian Olden and Cathy Reidy Liermann Todays Date 04/18/2008 Project Date and Duration Begin 12/01/2007 - ongoing Project Collaborators Julian D. Olden, PhD, Assistant Professor, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Cathy Reidy Liermann, PhD, Postdoctoral Researcher, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Timothy J. Beechie, PhD, NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Service Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112 Christopher P. Konrad, PhD, United States Geological Society/The Nature Conservancy, 1201 Pacific Ave, Suite 600 Tacoma WA 98402 Robert J. Naiman, PhD, Professor, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Project Location Washington State, USA. Study Area (km2) Washington State encompasses 176,477 km2. Aim/Purpose Develop new analytical tools that support scientifically-credible, regional flow guidelines for the protection and restoration of streams and rivers in Washington. Objectives Objectives include the development of: 1) a statewide hydrologic classification, 2) flow-ecology response model, 3) statewide map of flow alteration, and 4) science-based environmental flow recommendations for a set of ecological goals. Specific Activities and Methods Hydrological classification for Washington watersheds will be developed by identifying unregulated streams and rivers exhibiting similar flow regimes and quantifying natural range of spatial and temporal variability in hydrologic characteristics. Data-driven curves relating each flow metric to each ecological health metric will be drawn for each hydrologic class. The curves within each hydrologic class will be integrated into a flow-ecology response model - an environmental flow management tool which will allow managers to model the simultaneous responses of the ecological health metrics to a particular flow alteration. Subsequent focused development of environmental flow standards for one example river per hydrologic class will provide validation and identification of gaps or weaknesses in the analytical framework, as well as demonstrating the entire water planning process for rivers exhibiting different hydrologic characteristics. Data Used USGS hydrologic gage data; EPA/USGS invertebrate data; EPA/USGS fish data, NOAA salmonid data; riparian vegetation data. Data Generated Hydrologic indices for WA State rivers Degree flow alteration for WA State rivers Ecological response data for unregulated WA State rivers Predictive models for flow:ecology associations. Results/Outcomes By developing a regional hydrological classification, and calibrating ecological condition across the distribution of natural hydrologic characteristics for each class of stream, flow management plans will both incorporate empirical ecological data, and be formulated more efficiently by avoiding the need for site-specific data that neither exist nor will be available in the short term. The final integrated flow-ecology response model will be used to set flow targets such that the degree of flow modification does not exceed critical thresholds indicative of significant loss of biological health or ecosystem functioning. Products Hydrologic classification Map of flow alteration Flow-ecology response model Case study results Management and Policy Application See Results/Outcomes. Monitoring Unknown. Funding $84K annual for both 2008 and 2009 Funding Source National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) Biological Opinion Funds Documents Pending. >C|}~*/CDEQS`lmpy{OPŽŸŤń|tt|l|||hR0hP 5hR0h_T5hRMhR0hR0hD5 hRMh'h' hR05hR0hR05 h,5h'hRM6 hRMhRM h<}5h<}h<}5 hRM5hWhW6 hW6 hW5>* hRM5>*hWhW5>*hWhRM5>* h_T5>*(}~DET_`|:E ^`gdRMgdRM ^`gdR0$a$gdW$hh]h^ha$gdW$a$gdP IJZ[qrsablmn '<IYZ[\eft{|}䪣ܔƐƐƔ~zs hKbhKbhKb h|5hR0h_T5 h65h(Pkh6hP h6h| h|h6 hP 5hR0hR05 h|h|h|h|H*h'hDh4hR0hP 5H*hR0h|hR0hP 5 hRM5hRMh9 h9 h9 -I[rsabn[\|34?UgdKbgd6 ^`gdR0gdRM`gdRM ^`gdRM2349=>?DO]bvUOSxyzϴύ}yqhhP 5h8-h[h8-5h[h 5h[h_T5h[hKb6 h'h|h'h[5h'h|5h[hP 5hP h| h[hR0h(Pk h|5 h[5hR0hR05hR0hP 5 hKb5 hKbh| hKbhKbhKb+U3Jfyz$#^#`gd|gd|gd6 ^`gdKb$gdKb$^`gdKb ^`gdR0<=bghĶį hWh|hWhW5B*\phhWhWB*ph hWhWhW hP 5h|hhP 5 h|5hP hKbh6h_T$a$gdP &dP^`gdKb&dP^`gdR0$gdW21h:p+GB/ =!"#$% @@@ NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA@D Default Paragraph FontRiR  Table Normal4 l4a (k(No List6U@6 ? Hyperlink >*B*phHH _T Balloon TextCJOJQJ^JaJ2}~   D E T _ ` | : E I [ r s a b n [\|34?U3Jfyz0000@0@0@0@0@00@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@00@0@0@0@0@00@0@0@0@0@00@0@0@0@000@0@00@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@00@0@0@0@0@0 D b 3JfyJ00@00000J0 0J0 00 0( +0 0'0 0&H0 0J0 000 H0  [00 H0 0000 00t U8@0(  B S  ?>31C31E31B31?31I 31= 31 31l 31, 313131l31l313131313143131,31l3131l31>31t>3163131쑨 31l!31l"31,#31,$31%31&31ԉ'31(31d)314*31l+31,31,-31l.31/31031,131l231331431,531l631731831,931l:31;31<31,=31l>31?31@31,A31l..@__?NN     ( ( 1 4 n x    + 7 7 @ C [ [ m U U E     " !#'$%&()*,+-./1024357689:;<=>CCiiJXX   & / 3 9 9 t    ' 5 > B H H k p p _ _ S !" #%&'$()*,+-./1024357689:;<= =:*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceType=9*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceName>%*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PostalCode97*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsState8>*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsCity:+*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsStreet;,*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsaddressB<*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region9=*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace İy>=<=:9=7=7==7=7=:9,+:9=>7%:9,+:9=>7%,+>7%:9,+:9>=7%=><=9:7==7=~ ( kw~ 9FNTow33333333~ \|p D !.%.8/:>FG(OQ5RWWf!ll{1{/B: !%,02qJLFO U_cijm@s|} , g##&e)OQXX[ degi msuwt ,57?K+SW6W_9nowwB A5#*-/!/?12;(BFDHH9IQRK[]pf+~u$+=(  !-&..8>@vAG(V@X[c9dAd@ D$F'*.H58:HIPP Y 3  B  $ ( 4 5 : 9C JI Q U Z ^ e f %j pq t    2  ! % - 1 7 9 S X Y N[ \ g h 6i Vl h~ V   ,   ` 0 <1 1 @4 4< < 1C K K Y \ _ =j \k (r r ~ CbD!%d.[5b9>cAJLTUgRio ri}T  !/ 8m:<=JJL MNrQ !%",02DUYY[^_`kaac*f}hBj nqrx# (+24>'@CEHIvKRRTWY6\dmn t@twyvugw""- 2,9=GDXM*RSpWcFhjlUszt,%&(,a1I6 ::+;:MNQXVfgs)zgL%Y*3)9h:I_MWYP_nrvGy'sw  k[!)3<GRgowx~~~~  m $<?OTV-aeUjj  X #-;>@xABDGMgMS[%]f``ekttuwmyy ?D!"#&*~-09:<i= ?D__:cVtZt,x{# A &(^67=@gYbcciw{ E#]#&,-<KXQW|Yw   $ 2 3 R4 9 D tG G dV _ ;m \m )r gw {  !!!!!!!!U!! !.!.1!YB!`Q!S![!ca!b!n!o!q!s!y!z!|!~!!.""""'"!" 8"M:"S="%?"eA"JF"cN"X"Y"JZ"]"X`"pk"r"t"w"e}"## #`##r# #R'#?#uE#8M#P#|Q#S#S#V#Z#8`#z`#,e#h#n#r#yw#w#{#|#t$$$#$$$)$M*$b3$+?$B$K$;Y$Y$h$jn$n$p$Xs$y$y$%w% % %%5%~%% %!%*'%*%3%7%{I%;Q%NT%b%e%e%7h%i%y% z%%f&&&R&p&k!&"&'&6&6&1;&G;&;&<=&z>&R?&@&U@&6A&A&aG&VR&AS&W&kZ&g&p&Zr&t&x&S'''''!'''a*'u-'-'Q.'3'5'?' @';D'3S'ZY',]'`'&f'i'k']o'Es'Zy'(((%(&(}((S/(1(4(f7(5D(M(R(l(>m(fm(aq(=v(Qv()) ) ))w) )'){-)2)A)A)Q)Z_)/b);m)km)q)w~) **7*<*k?*C*E*F*QL*P*aZ*Z*[*w]*)^*a*b*7d*y*|*}*++ + (+2+>3+"<+=+:A+D+G+H+I+S+U+_X+]+^+_+Fc+ g+,, ,a,B,M,G,),,,-,5,<,H,lM,V,{g,%q,bs,{,},-- ---E,-8-8-8-i:-:-:-bY-Ia-d-q-9u-v-U.. ..q.3.:.B.]G.[.tb.%m.xm.r.-y.`}./k//G//'/$/%/`2/a5/s@/G/tM/^/Dg/i/zz/{/O0 0=000%0!0$0f&0+06-0000080;0.=0D0J0P0+P0hP0R0X0\0`0`0a0p0Oq0u0~011:)11141g51;1>1M1N1N1P1 U1[1\1]1g19h1Hi1o1{1Q1r11 2 2 222j227!2\(2|4242C;2N26O2tP2QQ2r\2 `2k2Wq2my2z2 3333)3 33S3'3c333&3*3,320343';3?3 H35J3lO3TW3Z3[3`3o3q3x3{34444s44"4$4*4O+464u74=4N?4`C4F4 P4R4T4X4c4e4Vl48s4|45 5 5 5 555"5%52525G5M5]57h5yi5gv5v5o66N666&6669696:6 =6&>6B6B6F6qT6T6]6?]6L]68`6h6k677@77N77b)7_+7<87 @78C7I7L7X7]7a7h7On7@88h884 8 86 8888t+848@8E8F8rK8P8Z8Qe8f8 h8n8|t8y8&}89" 9.919%496979&89l<97?9@9eE9H9$I9&K9O9T9 [9a9^s9M::9::M:5':):*:5:B:C:Q:xR: W:!k:m:v:;.;& ;;;;A;;";&;*;*+;9;;;LK;X;*j;Om;p;q;s;s;s;a{;{; < < < <$<1<a8<R;<?<@<M<X<Z<\<t`<\c<'e<:k<Kr<Tw<d{<=v=` =====w+=2=,3=^4=`5="6=N=R=S=T=U=]=b=*f=m=p=u=$>>B>!>+>A>TH>I>M>R>Y>^>a>Ee>e>n>q>s>u>y>!|>>~>#?%?-?+C/Cc5C}7CDCDCgYC[ChbCeCrCuCDCD D DD#D<-D-D0:D;DEDKD}PD[D[D)]DiDfjD=oDpDxD~DE EzEE!ED#E MeBMCMJMXM^M6nM%rMWwM6~M~MLNyN$N]'N'N3Nw:NCNlUNZN"eNLfNfiN jNkNrNfsN O OOOOOO; O'O)OT-O2OdAODOJO QOy_O9lOzO}OrPY Ph PiPP}P48POPSPVUPUPn\PaPgPiPkPhrPsPQvPwPH{P Q QQ Qp'Q(Q*Q.Q>2Q8QBQFQGQIQNQcQkQ qQqQuQyQ|Qm R'R-RbERJRTR_ReRjRzlR!qRqRsRtRuRvR|RS S1 Sf S1S7SxSS"S%S 1S3S3SKSKSMS2MSVS]ZSZSlSmSrS%wSs}S=TETT TbT!T+T\1T2T5T5TR9T=@TFTIT\T_TeT6jT>kTmTApTuT0TYUU}UG)U+U-U6U=UGUZUcUCiU;mULuUM}UVbV VV!Vo&V)V6V;VRdDdRdSdj_dejd5ldodrd`rdudDvdydzdem e eeeQeVe&ee\e#e|'e2e6e?eJeReReWeeaebehejeqeTxexezefff+fR fg f3fuff<ff-ff<"f6f?fIf>LfmQfRfWfJ_fFff~f~fffggM g!gg:g &g&g4g<7g=g?gAgXMgXgZgTsgxsg{g{g<|ghhPh hNhih#h,&h+h.h<0h1h 3hM3h8h9hm?m(@mj@mBmMFmWm^mGam=fmlmwmym|mmnn1 n0nnnnLn"n#n),na3n3n%8nEntUn]n}bn kntryryrzrkss_ s$s|&sS.s1s2sj:s:ssEsNsRs_sgsmsvszs|s}stwt t7tttit#t$t&t,t7.tp8tr9tU>t8FtHtLtMtPtXtg[t/]t`t$atTdtjtot/wtxtuu, u#u$u%u{)u6u[:u|:utu?uQusZup\ucuju ru}ruruzuU v vvvvv#v+v7.ve7v=vBvNvPvQv_v`vDcvrv@}vw w w wwwwt w/w00wm3w5w36w;wcymy syuy}yzzzWz?zzn#z$z(z-z4z4z4z;zw>zPzVzWz`zLczdzjz{{} {{{ {0{K/{8{P{Y{`^{q^{f{@i{o{Aq{Q||K| ||]7|b8|@||C|=^|`|g|o|t|x}y} } }P}@}!}%}/,}v-}2} 4}7}<}G}L}7V}W}Yn}t}A}+ ~k~~j~$~,~2~/:~AL~T~-Z~']~]~g~)q~s~~~~1  c,5AXEEO^dfsw{|~{oC(15tBBSX'X([J['hvyy+1 q+!?!)::;<?JC}DJALPPRS2WZv[^lamr_~ yz "R##;+^-.A`C,GH[MMdf(H ,U0 #&*<'FJKPQ\^eIjpprey|~"w d'*.2B!GHMRXb$ehjr%sts"t ~.D !3%&'0[47<>A@nCP^bHggm3nowpvxz {"'/p1348w99F7H?HOOm/s3uuc~ %g&)*0,1?I5UUUbbeej2lm?qvx}{.7)>Vd]en5q:riz!~ W (D+/1G4D5Y577CRMGS\Is/u #,&16:F MNO^e=hXh`ik|os}uv}U#%D)3Z9AE[ efjr&P2$a.67;{BlLSPZ2gm$ply|d%$%_'0AJR-VY_bahrst:~) 2((/6:CFKOYZt[6_E``i~k|mmxo p3(x "*@"BB]eg(iRj2oFrz"#-2<6DFNSO2mmqwrE}f8N5f>_AC=KLI_dgjp qIrsvwy?/!D$);,01538:RV afbgiibr#GyS#%$C'n7|;(<B=@cIjJlKPnPU\\4]6`bfJhopquy{P Q e  O %/1I6>@DVE[^*aHbnEqq|=#++23S8?CHOO{PT>Uk*sksw,  n.$)1N26n89MB5D>MSW_a np*x Q ]'6+.PBDJJ S&Tfovs}}> f""%&:5:EOQT Z\bdf+gJ}& Zf"$ '*6::(=zAKMGORVWf[_bclpqsSuGxc$c,,s6S79;(@8CmNqU cfw{{O|h k/Y=XKPM>O/PQ%TDZ[^8opprslx|} kg"gp < "27IBLPQY_.`"ptv~&H['k(=;BCkEgFK?M8NNdTaabehZuqx~4"`'#+6LF_gTnrxb|" *4?44z9GwJzJwLSEUWXYu;-p} Iu!\#-%/701ABB-C5DS&VW3cfh+u] [@ v!%*,=8Onnqs}2 {d!!#G$(C%FBGJLnMwPQzSUZz]]`atuOz}a' o"%&./8?9;c=A7DMZri\lqvxPyHzB XC&(078l9:=hAHIY\otuovg5 j Lt~D#-w7LXPTzZ$\\?^_@gg9kotv 8Q5 v!!"Y&*G-3;EFIRYJiFyw8s&f/,:o:;D_oNy4 ?'-E2:?2@ATPTmUV_fpdw>y~&  !"*n-567T9G;DGK0M2QZ7\\Zbtbbdo#tw4 q%%++b2348@bfgaklnpsxtuz+ / <8"#3W8=>>WA^JiU XYd@gMggo |}?~L -,,@0P1?BN0RRRUUZ]fg}i0kkk t(vD`agglwq=t n"'62\<HJJLNaTmGqr]tx fs.7N8>FJUZjmKqtxy}:A [AG c!"i,2?ACKQT-[T`ehlvx h,05S7`7;B=JJLMR4S&a cmquh- | 5 !@()-.:?BEFM+\kmn qlssLw6z7u;Q h-m16K7AQCJL-\+f1h@w3}; Y*.(35:<ADOGHI Xz``mm3p_z}~3-&*t.[36GvXjnqpu'z$ B &d'.0:CTUVTWW]Bjmqwz |w|E3 T5 "0`33V4799>[C@EHKNNOdce gikJvJ}CO #B*24:-@ IW=[E\ cd(dPeghi y|G}XW  T}%&9'-/Q3z==AF PSX[amtlv Mon $&.0055<>QxYw_flvy}P 30 !g"+(-3MRRlqvz*}}5" Np",=AGKLMOUYZlepWssvw& #S+7/5<BCFFIgSk?q@x]|k|D #3O;SKKTTW`pxE&Z/ 7*7=? @BFRJvJ3N[xz=}E "+,#->;AIKLcX jCm;s,vTy.W @iZ"#(.2DP-S0WZ^cijlpq}@~( P c+132:z<=?>?@EF:JJvKKnPejv\xrfF$X11A[es&|i~ !"0229?9B%DJpMWXYfmnqtty|q  9 @$267@IEURTWgaoUp-u}%+< =9>I]]_s.~;e>bn,1-o0135==qA:DFbI PR#]vi|npuMwr{E ##4Z;!AvMM}Ni]ssGw *N+--.089?JLV&X`l$u Cg7!&+.%2y48K=?AEJMAPP$U[:apszek|v s +/27:<?F_UNV[`fcg=loy|a P#$'/]>_BnFFI`xrs}!R49880:{AGI [Ja]bghlpuz*|6} bmi"&&.G5:1B{CDW!!s+,,47+7a8>@IkIBQ@``CkoZu8zz~*ef&y*-x>UGrGU]a``opq|v}+,ACL7U[._`no E   6 9d9QJPWWe[^_}g&hqtDz &'j-0G9=H[Q_7cCov}K@05AHS@VVI\\_SjkmXs|^fj+#(@(,1,<JCCF-IIP.0;>AIKLOTOV]^_a*cehq(tJQR..00:308;!FGqHhPV'aadc~fp^y~=s p$)m2LQPRTvWWCdgk:x{n0&/=?EFENNOPCQjUGY&ZU_`kl-$L Ya .12ADKvM^cfL||v9##3-/{02P9=HIMe^ft^&T8QSSbyz}R" $:AcE9GHIQW_SahhnoMu|} @|#h(-35>A CEIL'NT]^dkstqw = uK612 <,<?DIL]`tct_u:vz {' o36!<BEJQKNOSDUY \H^e|~ZSA+844@G8S3[.\ `scdoUw~!#+$55%:6CCDXS/VVWW)\\F^bEnGpwz P`o,Q=!@KLOY]hs"x|{TZ$38?KNObQ\mVntuvw)}~\x '&*5,1<DD,GRlT\^(ddh.jCppvrv{D ."')++/51,=?UXX[Mhlp}rwxK~  hN!$^,h37;<NPQQ}c>gjllvux %:#U&);?kClHJJKSYZZ`dz` 1_46s=>=EGOWAY[ij|mp_qw o#)Q@rF=KU_boashwl{@ .(G)23r;<VE"MSyTT[e~N $/i5;rHIJI\_gbpx@~~DM ~~P@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial5& zaTahoma"qhʓĦCц * *!24d 2qHX-?A)2>USGS-TNC workshop advisors: Please review this draft template Eloise Kendy Oh+'00 <H h t @USGS-TNC workshop advisors: Please review this draft templateEloise Kendy Normal.dot 4Microsoft Office Word@ @l@Tq՜.+,0< hp   The Nature Conservancy* ' ?USGS-TNC workshop advisors: Please review this draft template Title  !#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_abcdefgijklmnorRoot Entry F'qtData 1Table"zWordDocument42SummaryInformation(`DocumentSummaryInformation8hCompObjq  FMicrosoft Office Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q