ࡱ> %` x3bjbj"x"x .b@@x+r,.z(bbbb=.k yyyyyyy$V{h}y==ybby)!)!)!Rbby)!y)!)!)!b 03q)!yy0.z)!~~ F~~)!~~)!pXjp)!eY4yy!.z d  Water Withdrawal Assessment Process, Impact Assessment Model, and Automated Screening Tool, Michigan, USA Paul Seelbach, Michigan Department of Natural Resources Abstract: Use of a collaborative model for environmental goal setting and program development is often encouraged, in lieu of the traditional polarized, negotiation model. The State of Michigan recently engaged a collaborative advisory council to design a new, science-based Water Withdrawal Assessment Process and make recommendations regarding its implementation as policy. We reflect on this relatively successful experience and discuss a series of key elements. Among these are: investment of time in co-learning and relationships; creation of a space safe from politics and constituents, so that team growth is possible; achieving joint scientific understanding of system principles and limitations; and coincidence with some larger-scale drivers (in this case the 2001 Annex to the Great Lakes Charter). As new Michigan water management law is now being finalized, the familiar negotiation model has re-appeared as dominant; but the broadly-supported framework established by the advisory council has served to guide and constrain this final debate. Person Completing this Form: Paul Seelbach, Michigan Department of Natural Resources Todays Date: 03/15/2008 Project Date and Duration: Feb 2006 to Mar 2008 Project Collaborators: Initial development was under the legislatively-appointed Michigan Groundwater Conservation Advisory Council (MI GWCAC) and its Technical Subcommittee. (both now inactive). The program is currently under the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. The agency lead is: Frank Ruswick, Senior Policy Advisor Michigan Department of Environmental Quality  HYPERLINK "http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-exec-mapch.pdf" Constitution Hall, 525 West Allegan Street P.O. Box 30473 Lansing, MI 48909-7973 Phone 517-373-6093 Email  HYPERLINK "mailto:ruswickf@michigan.gov" ruswickf@michigan.gov Technical leads are: Jon Allan, Environmental and Laboratory Services Executive Manger Consumers Energy Company 1945 West Parnall Road Jackson, Michigan 49201 Phone 517-788-2475 Email  HYPERLINK "mailto:jwallan@cmsenergy.com" jwallan@cmsenergy.com Jeremiah Asher, GIS Specialist Institute of Water Research 101A Manly Miles Building 1405 S. Harrison Road East Lansing, MI 48823-5243 Phone 517-432-5586 Email  HYPERLINK "mailto:asherjer@msu.edu" asherjer@msu.edu Dave Hamilton, Water Management Section Chief Land and Water Management Division Michigan Department of Environmental Quality  HYPERLINK "http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-exec-mapch.pdf" Constitution Hall, 525 West Allegan Street P.O. Box 30473 Lansing, MI 48909-7973 Phone 517-335-3174 Email  HYPERLINK "mailto:hamiltond2@michigan.gov" hamiltond2@michigan.gov Howard Reeves, Research Hydrologist USGS Michigan Water Science Center 6520 Mercantile Way Lansing, Michigan 48911 Phone 517-887-8914 Email  HYPERLINK "mailto:hwreeves@usgs.gov" hwreeves@usgs.gov Paul W. Seelbach, Fisheries Research Program Manager Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) Institute for Fisheries Research 212 Museums Annex Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 phone 734-663-3554 x108 email  HYPERLINK "mailto:seelbacp@michigan.gov" seelbacp@michigan.gov Project Location: Michigan, USA Study Area (km2): ~117,400 (statewide) Aim/Purpose: The Michigan legislature charged the MI GWCAC to design and make recommendations regarding a process to guide state assessment of proposed large-quantity (> 100,000 gpd) water withdrawals using scientific (hydrologic and ecologic) basis for decision making as per recent state legislative mandate and Annex 2001 of the Great Lakes Charter. Objectives: To provide a suite of linked hydrologic and ecologic tools to be used in objective assessment of the potential for a proposed large-quantity withdrawal to adversely impact water-dependent natural resources. Tools are to be available in both screening (coarse filter) and detailed site review formats. Specific Activities and Methods: Work was done within a collaborative framework that was overseen by the MI GWCAC, with members representing broad interests in societal water use; incorporated a national science review panel; and with technical work done by multiple agencies and universities. All state river segments (N ~ 7,000) were delineated, classified, and mapped in GIS as 11 ecological types according to catchment area, estimated summer water temperatures, and estimated resident fish assemblages. Summer base flows (Index Flows) estimated for each segment using statewide regression models of gaged flows and GIS catchment attributes. For each segment type, percent of Index Flow removable prior to causing an Adverse Resource Impact (ARI) determined from a marriage of: 1) fish assemblage Index Flow habitat suitability curves developed from statewide survey datasets; and 2) placement of the ARI threshold line now being determined via legislative process. Several lower risk thresholds were added below the ARI threshold to help guide management options, again being determined via legislative process. For every segment the allowed removable discharges at the various thresholds were calculated as the Index Flow times the various percents removable. For any specified large-quantity water withdrawal; with known attributes of location, depth, and withdrawal rate and interval; the impact of the proposed withdrawal on all nearby river segment discharges can be estimated using a generalized groundwater model that considered withdrawal distance and depth, and geologic texture. For all affected segments, the discharge impact of the proposed withdrawal is compared to the allowed removable discharge thresholds, and a determination of risk of Adverse Resource Impact is made for each segment. The most impacted segment is used in the subsequent management determination. The river segment and type maps, streamflow models, fish flow curves and impact thresholds, and groundwater stream impact models were linked within a GIS. This suite of models was made available in two formats: 1) a screening (coarse filter) format, where the models are presented through an internet-based interface that allows an interested party to explore the risks of various withdrawal proposals, and to possibly be approved to proceed with the withdrawal if the risks are minimal; and 2) a detailed site-review of the proposal by state Department of Environmental Quality staff; this option will likely reduce uncertainties related to hydrologic data and processes contained in the screening format. In either format, the hydro-ecological assessment determines that the proposed withdrawal falls within one of several tiered zones of risk of Adverse Resource Impact. Final implantation of this zones idea is still being determined via legislative process, but the idea is that each successive zone (from low to medium to high risk) will carry specific messages of caution and associated responsibilities for water management engagement. Withdrawals in the highest risk zone will not be allowed. Data Used: River segment mapping was based on the USGS National Hydrography Dataset Plus, as well as compiled statewide data from 140 long-term USGS streamflow gages, extensive river fishery surveys (1,700 fish assemblages and 800 temperatures), and GIS-based catchment summarizations of landscape and climate attributes. Data Generated: 1) For each of 7,000 stream segments: Ecological river type, August 50% exceedence discharge and discharge yield (normalized by catchment area; a measure of relative groundwater contribution); predicted fish assemblage, predicted July mean temperature. 2) For each of 11 ecological river types, characteristic fish assemblage and fish baseflow impact response curves. 3) Summaries of the possible water withdrawal impact scenarios, run for statewide or targeted examples; e.g., the 200 applications from last year can be run through the assessment to see where they might have fallen. 4) An online suite of hydro-ecological models for education and exploration of potential environmental risks of water withdrawals. Results/Outcomes: 1) High level of hydro-ecology literacy among a broad spectrum of state environmental policy leaders. 2) Widely understood and accepted statewide river classification. 3) Predictive models of local habitat conditions and fish communities across Michigan. Specifically, the model predicts how fish assemblages in different types of Michigan streams would change in response to decreased base flows, using habitat suitability information. 4) Useful and objective process for assessment of environmental risks of water withdrawals, based on sound hydrologic and ecologic principles and models. 5) Powerful science framework for ongoing state discussions of thoughtful water policy and legislation. Products: 1) Coordinated statewide maps, databases, and models related to hydro-ecology of states river systems. 2) Online screening tool for initial determination of whether a proposed ground water or surface water withdrawal will adversely impact fish populations in Michigan streams. 3) An objective process for use in site-specific state agency reviews of water withdrawal applications. 4) Peer-reviewed reports describing technical methods and a MI GWCAC report describing recommended use of models in a decision-making framework. Management and Policy Application Proposed application: If online screening tool indicates that proposed withdrawal has a very low risk of affecting fish assemblages, then MDEQ will allow the withdrawal. If tool indicates a moderate or high risk of adverse affect, then applicant may revise application or conduct onsite study to refine the screening tool. To be used statewide. Policy details are currently being defined via legislative process; new legislation to implement some form of this water withdrawal assessment process is expected spring 2008. Monitoring and Updating: We continuously stress that this 2008 process and tool must be seen as an initial step in a long-term, iterative development process. We expect significant updating of all components on a five-year cycle. We are beginning to develop field monitoring plans aimed at improving and refining the suite of models. Funding: $604,000 USD cooperative agreements with USGS and universities; at least this in matching time from state agency staff. Funding Source: Michigan state legislature, state agency payrolls, USGS Cooperative Water Program. Documents: Michigan Groundwater Conservation Advisory Council (2007) Report to the Michigan Legislature in response to Public Act 34, 37 p.,  HYPERLINK "http://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/Groundwater_report_206809_7.pdf" http://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/Groundwater_report_206809_7.pdf Several technical reports are in review or in press. 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