A percent impervious cover (PIC) rating for each stream segment was estimated based on the percent cover of water (0 PIC), natural/forest (1 PIC), pasture (5 PIC), intensive agriculture (10 PIC), and urban (20 PIC) in the upstream catchment of each segment (Kilgour and Stanfield 2006). Possible scores range from 0 to 20; a score of 20 indicates 100% developed land within catchment. Summaries of land cover within the entire upstream catchment of each Ontario stream segment were obtained from the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Summaries of land cover within the entire upstream catchment of each New York stream segment were obtained from the USGS Aquatic GAP Program. The percentage of each land cover type within each quaternary watershed (Ontario) and 11-digit HUC watershed (New York) was also calculated; these percentages were used to calculate the PIC for each watershed, shown in the inset map.