CFLR Application

The Thorne Bay Ranger District, in conjunction with the participants in the Staney Community Forestry Project, submitted an application to USDA Forest Service Region 10 for submittal for funding under the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program.  Region 10 submitted the application on May 14, 2010.  A link to the full application can be found below.  

 CFLR Program Proposal (5/14/10)

 

 Staney Community Forest Landscape Strategy

  

Background

The Tongass is the nation's largest national forest at nearly 17 million acres.  One of the last remaining, largely intact temperate rainforests in the world, it is home to all five species of salmon, black and brown bears, wolves, whales, and rare birds.  The Tongass is an international icon that provides extraordinary ecological, recreational, subsistence, commercial fishing, and tourism values.  It also serves as an important buffer against climate change.  Declining populations and timber harvest, forests in need of restoration, and longstanding conflict over natural resource management in Southeast Alaska point to a future based on restoring public lands, revitalizing local communities, and developing land management priorities to meet current ecological and community needs.

Significant harvest occurred on the southern Tongass during the 50 year pulp wood contract period between the mid 50s to late 90s. Prince of Wales Island and the greater Staney Creek watershed were the sites of some of the most intense logging. To facilitate the logging several thousand miles of roads were built, several thousand acres of old growth trees were clear cut harvested, and several logging camp/communities came into being. Today with the end of the pulp wood contracts and pulp mills the logging activity is greatly reduced. The former camps are now small communities that are struggling to find economic opportunities. The old clear cut harvest units are now dense, even-aged, small diameter young growth. Much of the road network is no longer needed and cannot be maintained. There is a need to restore impaired wildlife habitat and fisheries and there is a need to create economic opportunities for the local communities.

Present Situation:

The Staney Community Forest Landscape ("Staney area") is a 139,000-acre area (all National Forest System land) on the west side of Prince of Wales Island ("POW"), between Naukati on the north and Klawock on the south. This area is a part of the Tongass National Forest, a temperate rain forest that has evolved from a high precipitation and high frequency, low intensity wind-driven disturbance regime.  Historically, the Staney area is the site of larger wind events on the average of one every 200 years. Wildfire occurs on the forest and POW, but at present has negligible impacts and is of minimal concern.  The landscape has a coarse texture, highlighted by patches of trees on the productive well-drained sites and muskeg openings on the less productive, poorly drained sites.

The Staney land area includes Value Comparison Units ("VCUs") 5710, 5871, 5880, 5900, 5910, 5920, 5930, and 5940. Currently, VCUs 5920 and 5930 are predominately un-roaded. VCUs 5710, 5871, 5880, 5900, 5910, and 5940 have had significant logging activity beginning in 1960. Approximately 25% (28,018 acres) of this area has been clear cut. The old clear cuts (1960-1989) are now even-aged stands with minimal biodiversity and reduced stand function. The harvests required the construction of over 300 miles of road, though due to budget restrictions, they have seen limited road maintenance.

There are 278 miles of Class I streams, 163 miles of Class II streams , 609 miles of Class III streams, and 39 miles of Class IV streams.  In this network of streams and roads there are approximately 900 stream crossings. Aquatic connectivity and flow has been altered by the road system. Large woody debris is absent from several stream stretches as is in-stream structure. Over 4,600 acres of riparian management area are currently in a young growth, even-aged condition.

The area has approximately 94,000 acres of medium to high Sitka Black-tailed Deer winter range, of which 23% (21,659 acres) has been clear cut.  Of the acres that have been clear cut, approximately 20,000 acres are even-aged, stem excluded stands with low biodiversity, low forage production, and low habitat value.

There are 3,143 invasive plant populations within the area. These sites have 45 undesirable plant species and vary in size from a few plants to hundreds of square feet of undesirable plants.

The economy of POW and the immediate Staney area is built on old growth timber harvest and processing, commercial fishing, tourism, and government. There is a significant subsistence (based upon deer, fish, and berries gathering) life style on the island (both Alaska Native and non-native). The timber industry on the island declined markedly from the "pulp wood" period that ended in the late 90's. The current industry consists of one medium-sized saw mill and several smaller mills. The medium mill processes all old growth timber, but does have a small diameter mill that could utilize some young growth. One of the smaller mills can process some young growth. The other small mills are dependent on old growth timber for high value niche markets (e.g., music wood, shakes, trim, sash, etc.). There are currently no dedicated young growth mills on the Tongass, as the young growth resource is not at an age or value to sustainably supply an operation. There have been recent discussions on utilization of some young growth biomass for wood energy such as space heating and pellet production.

The harvesting industry is made up of equipment designed to yard large old growth logs. Recently two mechanical harvesters have been brought to the island to harvest young growth for two stewardship projects, one of which (Winter Harbor) was within the Staney area. This harvester currently isbeing used to create wildlife gaps in stem excluded young growth within the Staney area. There is a desire to retool the industry and retrain the workforce to provide restoration services, when more work is available.

Many Tongass stakeholders desire a transition away from the historic old growth economy to a new economy driven by young growth. At present the young growth resource is not mature enough to support an economy. A full transition will happen gradually over the next few decades as these young stands age, grow, and add more value. The first step in the transition will be building a resource restoration industry that begins to efficiently utilize treatment by-products from young growth restoration treatments. This new, retooled industry will be better positioned to convert to a young growth industry as stands mature and opportunities arise. During this transition period the present timber industry and local economies will be dependent on some level of old growth harvest. At present there are few alternate opportunities.    

 

Collaborative Group:

The Staney Community Forestry Project is a collaborative, community-driven, integrated resource planning process.  When completed (July 2010) the project will inform the Thorne Bay Ranger District on how the residents of Prince of Wales Island and other stakeholders of Southeast Alaska want the Staney area managed for multiple resources in the future. To date, a diverse group of 29 entities and  67 individuals have participated in forming the vision for this planning area.

The group just completed its third workshop in this planning process. A fourth workshop is planned for late July to finalize and ratify the document that will be submitted to the Forest Service ("FS"). This document will outline the group's opinion on how multiple resources should be managed in the greater Staney area. It also will describe the group's desired future conditions ("DFCs") for Subsistence, Terrestrial Habitat, Aquatic Habitat, and Timber Supply resources, as well as the DFC for the role of the Staney area in the POW Economy.

Group Goals

The group is committed to collaborative processes and believes in identifying common ground through a shared vision. Longstanding conflict over natural resource management in Southeast Alaska has led to a general sense of fatigue as well as an interest in getting beyond our differences and making progress.The Staney Collaborative Group's goals are to develop a plan that:

·         Integrates the economic, social, and ecological opportunities that exist in the Staney area.

·         Balances development and conservation.

·         Provides several years of economic opportunity for residents, businesses, and communities on POW.

·         Is adaptive, based upon the results of a monitoring program.

·         That when implemented will have broad community support.

·         Uses the best available contracting tools to ensure successful implementation.

·         That serves as a model for management of the Tongass National Forest through the transition from an old growth to a young growth economy.

Desired Future Conditions (DFCs): The Staney Collaborative Group has developed Sector DFCs to help guide the Forest Service in the future management of the Staney area.

Subsistence Sector

1.       Deer Productivity -

a.       Maintain deer productivity within the project area

                                                               i.      Manage young growth stands to maintain "no net loss" of habitat value for deer as stands enter stem-exclusion stage.

1.       Determine scope of need for young growth treatments based on number of acres entering stem-exclusion over time.

2.       Schedule treatment priorities based upon change in habitat.

                                                             ii.      In old growth, maintain forest structure in high-value winter range.

b.      Indicator:  Monitor deer population size over time within old growth and young growth using pellet transects and DNR mark-recapture techniques.  Test effectiveness of young growth management techniques in maintaining deer populations.

2.       Access

a.       Road access to areas used for hunting is maintained at current levels.

b.      Implement ATM so that access to subsistence hunting areas is maintained over time.

c.       Prioritize young growth management for hunting areas with road access and deeer browse nearby (i.e., combine good habitat with "hunt-ability").

3.       Data gaps

a.       Develop research and monitoring to address key information needs, including:

                                                               i.      Deer population trends and effectiveness of young growth treatments (potential for adding a module to the TWYGS study).

                                                             ii.      Status of fish populations and subsistence use.

                                                            iii.      Traditional ecological knowledge to understand historic patterns of use (see Landgon TEK study on salmon use in Klawock/west coast of POW).

                                                           iv.      Uses of other resources - berries, mushrooms, firewood.

 

Terrestrial Habitat Sector

Managed Matrix:  Young Growth Management

Reestablish total pre-harvest understory productivity of the Staney Project Area within 50 years to provide habitat for Sitka Black-tailed deer and other species that depend on forest habitats.  Without silvicultural management, current habitat in young growth will decrease substantially into the future.

1.       High Short-term Priority:  At a minimum, maintain quantity and distribution of habitat sufficient to support deer populations that support use by humans and natural predators, while ensuring long-term sustainability of populations.

a.       Take management action to prevent loss of understory in young growth stands that are nearing stem exclusion, emphasizing stands that will be most productive over the next 10-20 years.  Without silvicultural management, , current habitat in young growth will decrease substantially into the future.

b.      Emphasize management (e.g., thinning) in areas where deer will be accessible to human hunters.

c.       Within this short-term priority, the land use designations (Non-development/ Development LUDs) is not used to prioritize actions.

2.       Reestablish and maintain a diverse understory mosaic that is well-distributed across the landscape at multiple scales.

a.       Emphasize management on sites with the highest long-term potential deer winter habitat value based upon pre-harvest estimated value.

b.      When choosing between sites of equal productivity, focus management in Non-development LUDs, especially OGR, Beach and Estuary fringe, and Riparian Management areas.

c.       Outside of Non-development LUDs, emphasize improving the ecological conditions of young growth stands adjacent to OGR and old growth patches to improve their effective size and to minimize fragmentation.

d.      Distribution and diversity should reflect pre-harvest distribution, recognizing that a portion of the landscape will remain in young growth at all times.

e.      When implementing management actions, reestablish a mosaic of habitats rather than a single treatment over large areas.

f.        Use 200 acres as the minimum size of a unit of young growth in evaluating distribution and connectivity.

3.       Reestablish and maintain diverse stand structure that is well distributed across the landscape at multiple scales.

a.       In addition to DFCs identified above, retain large residual trees not previously harvested to provide opportunities for future nesting by Queen Charlotte Goshawk and other species, potential cavity habitat, and eventually a source of large woody debris.

4.       Reestablish and maintain connectivity within young growth stands.

a.       Avoid creation of large amounts of residual slash.

b.      Leave un-thinned corridors where slash may hinder movement.

5.       Where beach fringe connectivity has been broken by past harvest, reserve adjacent old growth forest from harvest until the beach fringe returns as a functional old growth habitat.

6.       Improve/restore beach fringe and riparian areas dominated by young growth to accelerate recovery of functional old growth connectivity and habitat character.

7.       Monitor effectiveness of habitat management on wildlife habitats, and coordinate with ADF&G population monitoring, particularly for deer, bear, marten, and in the long term, endemic species.

Old growth forest in Timber Development LUDs

1.       Avoid removal of more than 50% of the pre-harvest productive old growth in the project area to promote viability of Queen Charlotte Goshawk.

2.       Maintain sufficient patches of productive old growth to maintain current levels of denning habitat for black bears.

3.       Reestablish and maintain old growth habitat connectivity between patches of old growth.

4.       Establish and maintain old growth connectivity between old growth Non-development LUDs inside and outside the project area.  Staney is potentially isolated by non-federal lands to the south and to the northwest, and by timber harvest to the east.  Functional connectivity needs to be assessed to determine whether gaps exist and corridors are needed in the following areas:

a.       From the medium OGR in VCU 5890 to medium OGR in VCU 5920 to ensure connectivity to the southwest.

b.      North Fork of Staney Creek through the Logjam area to Honker Divide to the east/north.

c.       Mouth of Staney Creek through Gutchi Creek to the north.

5.       Maintain forest structure and habitat values of Beach and Estuary Fringe when addressing activities such as personal use and illegal harvest that may pose a risk to both the overall habitat quality and the needs of individual species such as bald eagles.

Young Growth Forest in Non-development LUDs

1.       Manage young growth to reestablish the functionality of all components of the Tongass Conservation Strategy, including reserves, connectivity, and fine-filter conservation within the Staney Project Area within 200 years.

2.       Ensure that small and medium OGRs meet all size, composition, and shape criteria under the Tongass Land Management Plan ("TLMP").  This may require adding adjacent young growth to the OGRs and altering the shapes.

3.       Subject to the immediate short term priorities, above, when choosing between sites of equal productivity, focus management in Non-development LUDs, especially OGRs, Beach and Estuary Fringe, and Riparian Management Areas to achieve old growth character as quickly as possible.

Aquatic Habitat Sector

1.       Maintain, restore, or enhance ecological connectivity within all watersheds to maintain or improve fish migration.

a.       Complete grey pipe analysis.

b.      Develop prioritization of all red pipes.

c.       Red pipes removed, replaced, or 404 waiver.

d.      Pull all structures on all live streams (1-4) on all proposed maintenance Level I roads.

e.      Data Gap - Identify all red pipes in project area.

2.       Achieve an invasive-free project area.

a.       Prevent any new introduction of any invasive species.

b.      Treat known and new introductions to eliminate invasives.

3.       Maintain or restore landscape hydrological functions.

a.       Stabilize all segments of roads that are degrading water quality and/or aquatic habitat.

b.      Data Gaps

                                                               i.      Impacts from upland canopy closures on hydrological function.

                                                             ii.      Long-term stream and air temperature data.

                                                            iii.      Existing road conditions in all watersheds in the project area (except Staney).

4.       No net gain in miles of road or number of fish stream crossing structures.

5.       No net loss of aquatic habitat or essential fish habitat.

a.       Data Gaps

                                                               i.      Baseline data

                                                             ii.      Effects on habitat from climate change.

6.       Achieve TLMP riparian DFCs.

 

Economic Sector

1.       Continuity and duration of work.

a.       Ensure availability of long-term supply in work and byproducts that leads to investment in equipment and manufacturing (e.g., 10 years)

                                                               i.      Need reliable supply of employment opportunity for both thinning and timber harvest.

b.      Maintain existing jobs in natural resource management sector on POW.

                                                               i.      250 acres of thinning per year is a full-time job

                                                             ii.      Provide year-round jobs that support and family and provide some benefits.

c.       Use locally-manufactured products.

                                                               i.      Local manufacture equals local employment.

d.      Use a collaborative process to try and meet multiple objectives and avoid litigation delays.

e.      Contracts that are greater than one year at a time.

f.        Develop a marketing plan and implement a marketing program to develop consistency and long-term reliability from natural resources sector.

2.       Increase number of local jobs.

a.       Establish a training program for local youth to learn about employment opportunities in the natural resources fields.

b.      Institute a preference system to increase the number of local contractors (POW-based) awarded the projects.

c.       Enhance economic effectiveness of projects.

3.       Facilitate bidding process for local contracts.

a.       Establish better advertisement policies for local contracts so that local contractors know how and when to bid.

b.      More available FS staff (e.g., contracting officers) for bidding process.

c.       The FS should evaluate all of the options available so that local contractors benefit (e.g., stewardship authorities, best value contracting, etc.).

d.      Use Stewardship authority to implement project.

4.       Information Needs and Data Gaps.

a.       Complete economic analysis of the impacts from implementing the Staney Community Forestry Project.

b.      Determine the number of jobs and economic activity expected from the natural resources sector and develop a work plan based upon the results.

c.       Establish monitoring program to determine effectiveness of projects and use of local employees.

 

Timber Supply Sector

Young Growth

1.       Managed for a variety of products, with a variety of treatments, over a variety of rotation ages.

2.       Are currently on schedule for future timber supply.

3.       In the interim, treatments will be driven by Terrestrial Habitat and Subsistence DFCs.

4.       Whenever possible, byproducts from treatments will be made available for utilization.

5.       Managed for a consistent, sustainable supply of wood for a range of products from fast growing, low value fiber production (e.g., biomass) to slower growing, tight grained, clear wood production (e.g., music wood).

6.       Create different aged stands and produce a variety of products that will lead to an integrated timber industry.

a.       More opportunities for local residents.

b.      Better utilization of harvested wood.

Old Growth

1.       Supply will be consistent and sustainable over a 100-year period.

2.       Supply will come from the realistic, economic timber base.

3.       10% of this economic base can be harvested per decade.

a.       Some years more than the decade rate will be harvested.

b.      Some years less than the decade rate.

c.       No more than 10% of economic base harvested per decade.

4.       After 100 years, some of the young growth will be ~150 years old and attaining old growth wood characteristics and value.

5.       Produce old growth value products into the distant future.

6.       Multiple harvesting techniques (e.g., clear cut, selective, variable retention, etc.) will be incorporated to allow for economic opportunity and continuance of stand functions.

7.       When feasible, use partial harvest techniques (e.g., helicopter selective, ground-based variable retention, etc.) that help meet Terrestrial Habitat and Subsistence DFCs.

8.       Every Sector will get something, non Sector will get everything.

9.       Temporary roads, and troads with forwarders, should be used to mitigate impacts.

Road closures will be planned and timed to ensure access for timber harvest and timber management activities.

Data Gaps: Volume calculation of a realistic, economic old growth unit pool.

1.       Stands

2.       Acres

3.       Volumes

4.       Species Mix

5.       Accounting for all costs

a.       Logging Systems - helicopter, cable, shovel, etc.

b.      Roads - construction, re-construction, brushing, etc.

c.       Logging costs - felling, hauling, etc.

d.      Harvest types - clear cut, selective, variable retention, etc.

e.      Manufacturing costs

f.        Other costs.

Considerations:  Large and small operators bid on 2-3 MMBF State of Alaska sales.  They should be able to bid on similar-sized FS sales after a NEPA document has cleared the realistic, economic timber base.

 

Endemic Species

Desired future conditions for endemic species should be a high priority, but until a full analysis of existing information, information gaps, and risk are completed, no additional DFCs have been specified. This analysis should be a high priority.

 

Invasive Species

  

1.       Establish a Tongass "early invader" program to identify new populations coming onto the island, and focus attention on monitoring and controlling them where necessary. The communities on POW can play a critical role. Establish a system that makes it easy for residents to report invasive populations so that information is available for designing effective containment strategies. This can be built on efforts that have already been initiated.

2.       Aggressively manage invasive species that pose a high risk to habitat and population conservation.

 

Strategy to go from the Present Situation to the Desired Future Condition:

Wind is the dominant natural disturbance of the Staney area. Wind disturbance creates small gaps in the forest canopy when one tree, up to small patches of trees, blow over or break off. These forests have multiple complex structure, with considerable biodiversity, and diverse wildlife habitat. Historically wildfire has not played a role in the area. Consequently, the restoration strategy for the Staney area will focus on forest health. Using information from Staney documents (www.staneycreek.org), the best science available, local knowledge (FS and other stakeholders), and with input from a USFS Pacific Northwest Research ("PNW") Team, restoration treatments will be designed to restore fully functioning ecosystems and landscape resiliency.  Restoration projects and treatments will target young growth stands, freshwater streams, roads, and invasive species. Treating these specific resources will help to realize the Sector DFCs within the Staney area.

Young Growth Stands:  

Young growth stands in the Staney area will be treated with a variety of prescriptions in Development and Non-development LUDs. In all there are 28,018 acres of young growth in the area; with 21,659 (both Development and Non-development LUDs) acres of stem-excluded young growth in high to medium value deer winter range in the Staney area. These prescriptions will use combinations (dependent upon specific stand treatment goals) of gap thinning, leave tree skips, and spaced thinning to re-introduce structure, biodiversity, and habitat into these homogenous stands.

In Development LUDs a variety of treatments not only will produce future timber, but also produce increased forage for deer, more variety of habitats, and more structural diversity. The priority for treating these stands is to first treat stands that are NEPA-cleared in the Staney Creek Restoration Environmental Assessment ("EA"). Next, treat the older (1960-1979) (8,119 acres) stem-excluded, high-to-medium value winter range stands. Third, treat the younger (1980-1989) (>15,000 acres) stem-excluded winter range stands and stands in the vicinity of Old Growth Reserves ("OGRs") and old growth patches. Treatments will address habitat connectivity, thermal cover, and snow intercept. To make the treatments most effective, it will be necessary to remove a portion of the treatment wood byproducts from the treatment sites.  These byproducts will be sorted for highest value (e.g., saw logs, posts, biomass, etc.) and made available for utilization.

Young growth stands in Non-development LUDs will be treated to restore ecosystem functions, biodiversity, old growth characteristics, connectivity, and a variety of habitats. There are 4,639 acres of young growth in Riparian Management areas, and 3,420 acres of young growth acres in OGRs. NEPA-cleared stands will be treated first. Stands in and around OGRs, beach fringe/estuaries, and riparian areas will be treated next. Stands with open road access for hunting will be treated third. To make the treatments most effective, it will be necessary to remove a portion of the treatment wood byproducts from the treatment sites.  These byproducts will be sorted for highest value (e.g. saw logs, posts/pole, biomass, etc.) and made available for utilization.

 There are approximately 6,700 acres of very young (1990 - present) young growth that have not been pre-commercially thinned. These stands will benefit from pre-commercial thinning ("PCT") not only for timber production goals, but also for short-term forage production goals and for long-term wind firmness and snow loading considerations. In this high precipitation, wind-dominated landscape, it is important to PCT stands so that they respond favorably to future treatments (including subsequent restoration treatments) and do not blow over or break off.

 

All things being equal, Non-development young growth will be treated before developmental stands. This will facilitate the OGR, riparian, and beach fringe function and also allow the Development stands to mature and potentially have more economic byproduct during treatment. When feasible, stands accessed by roads scheduled for closing in the ATM will be treated before road closure. Stands important for subsistence hunting and accessible by open road will be treated for increased deer forage production.

Old growth harvest will be occurring within the Staney area during the restoration period. The local economy is dependent at this time on old growth utilization. The transition to a young growth economy just recently has begun and there are currently few opportunities for alternative forest businesses and livelihoods. It is hoped that as more young growth volume becomes available from restoration treatments there will be more opportunity to start and continue young growth harvesting and processing businesses. The Staney Collaborative Group desires that the old growth be managed on a sustained and consistent basis for the next century at which time significant young growth will have old growth characteristics and stand function. The old growth harvests will not be a part of the restoration activities, but will be planned and scheduled to compliment and add efficiency to the total restoration strategy. Whenever possible old growth harvest prescriptions will be designed to mitigate impacts, maintain stand functions and maintain stand structure.

Fresh Water Streams and Aquatics:

The freshwater streams and aquatics strategy is to restore or enhance ecological connectivity and landscape hydrological functions by removing or replacing all red pipes, pulling structures on level I roads, stabilizing stream channels, adding large woody debris to streams, and stabilizing all unstable road sections within the project area. Projects that have been NEPA cleared in the Staney Creek EA will be scheduled first. Next in priority will be projects identified by the Staney Creek Watershed Restoration Plan, and the Staney Creek IRMP Proposal for Action. There are a total of 63 identified red pipes and another 11 pipes needing further analysis. There are .6 miles of identified in-stream work, which would include channel work and placement of large woody debris.

 

Roads:

In the Staney area begin implementation of the POW Access and Travel Management ("ATM")- approved road restoration work. The POW ATM Plan has identified 13 miles of road to be decommissioned, 80 miles of road to be stored, and 38 miles of road to be converted to off-highway vehicle trail. Prioritize road work that has been NEPA-cleared in the Staney Creek EA. Next priority will be given to road segments identified as problematic to hydrologic/aquatic connectivity and function in the Staney Creek Watershed Restoration Plan. And then, treat the remaining road work identified in the Staney Creek IRMP Proposal for Action. In all instances road work should be timed to complement other restoration work and forest management activities in the area accessed by the specific road segment being restored. No permanent roads will be built to provide access to any restoration activities. Access for subsistence opportunities will be considered in the planning and scheduling of road closures.

Invasive Species:

All identified invasive species sites will be treated to remove undesirable species from the Staney area. Projects that have been NEPA-cleared in the Staney Creek EA will be scheduled first. Next in priority will be projects identified by the Staney Creek Watershed Restoration Plan, and the Staney Creek IRMP Proposal for Action. Priority will be given to treatments in Non-development LUDs over Development LUDs. Areas scheduled for road decommission, storage, and conversion to trails will be treated before open roads and in the listed order. There are 3,143 identified sites of various sizes.

 

Implementation Schedule: (Clarence's table and Dave's project map)

		ROAD MAINTENANCE		ROAD STORAGE		ROAD CONVERSION TO OHV TRAIL	RED PIPE REPLACEMENT	STREAM RESTORATION	RMA THINNING	OGR THINNING	KARST THINNING	WILDLIFE TREATMENTS	YG - PCT	COMMERCIAL THINNNING	Invasive Treatments	VALUE OF YG REMOVED OFFSETS COST OF TREATMENT	TOTAL
2010	WORK	18.5 MILES	10.5 MILES		9.5 MILES		16 PIPES	0.6 MILES	930 ACRES	581 ACRES	69 ACRES	782 ACRES	1640 ACRES
	COST	$64,750	$157,500		$142,500		$880,000	$180,000	$372,000	$2,324,000	$34,500	$391,000	$574,000				$5,120,250
2011	WORK	18.5 MILES	10.5 MILES		9.5 MILES		16 PIPES		930 ACRES	581 ACRES	69 ACRES	782 ACRES	1640 ACRES
	COST	$64,750	$157,500		$142,500		$880,000		$372,000	$2,324,000	$34,500	$391,000	$574,000				$4,940,250
2012	WORK	18.5 MILES	10.5 MILES		9.5 MILES		16 PIPES		930 ACRES	581 ACRES	69 ACRES	782 ACRES	1640 ACRES
	COST	$64,750	$157,500		$142,500		$880,000		$372,000	$2,324,000	$34,500	$391,000	$574,000				$4,940,250
2013	WORK	18.5 MILES	10.5 MILES		9.5 MILES		15 PIPES		930 ACRES	581 ACRES	69 ACRES	782 ACRES	1640 ACRES
	COST	$64,750	$157,500		$142,500		$825,000		$372,000	$2,324,000	$34,500	$391,000	$574,000				$4,885,250
2014	WORK	18.5 MILES							930 ACRES	581 ACRES	69 ACRES	782 ACRES	1640 ACRES	250 ACRES
	COST	$64,750							$372,000	$2,324,000	$34,500	$391,000	$574,000	$1,000,000		($183,333)	$4,576,917
2015	WORK	18.5 MILES												1550 ACRES
	COST	$64,750												$6,200,000		$1,144,000	$5,120,750
2016	WORK	18.5 MILES												1550 ACRES
	COST	$64,750												$6,200,000		$1,144,000	$5,120,750
2017	WORK	18.5 MILES												1550 ACRES
	COST	$64,750												$6,200,000		$1,144,000	$5,120,750
2018	WORK	18.5 MILES												1550 ACRES
	COST	$64,750												$6,200,000		$1,144,000	$5,120,750
2019	WORK	18.5 MILES												1550 ACRES
	COST	$64,750												$6,200,000		$1,144,000	$5,120,750
TOTAL	WORK	185 MILES	42 MILES		38 MILES		63 PIPES	0.6 MILES	4650 ACRES	2905 ACRES	345 ACRES	3910 ACRES	8200 ACRES	8000 ACRES
	COST	$647,500	$630,000		$570,000		$3,465,000	$180,000	$1,860,000	$11,620,000	$172,500	$1,955,000	$2,870,000	$32,000,000		$5,903,333	50,066,667

 

Monitoring:

To ensure successful restoration, a representative subset of restoration treatments will be monitored for specific targets. The PNW team will assist in the design of the monitoring systems. The ongoing results of this monitoring program will inform managers of the success in achieving desired outcomes. Adaptive management will allow for treatments to be continued or changed as monitoring results dictate.